From: Biologics and cardiovascular events in inflammatory arthritis: a prospective national cohort study
Factor | HR | 95% CI | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Increased age (years) | 1.05 | 1.05–1.06 | < 0.0001 |
Sex (males vs females) | 1.72 | 1.57–1.88 | < 0.0001 |
Biologic use (referent: biologic naïve) | 0.006 | ||
 Current TNF biologics | 0.85 | 0.76–0.95 |  |
 Current other biologics | 0.81 | 0.70–0.95 |  |
 Stopped taking biologics | 0.96 | 0.83–1.11 |  |
Diagnosis (referent: rheumatoid arthritis) | 0.18 | ||
 Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.14 | 0.96–1.36 |  |
 Psoriatic arthritis | 0.92 | 0.77–1.10 |  |
Methotrexate treatment (referent: never) | 0.0001 | ||
 Currently taking methotrexate | 1.08 | 0.90–1.29 |  |
 Stopped taking methotrexate | 1.28 | 1.07–1.53 |  |
Prednisone/prednisolone treatment (referent: never) | 0.02 | ||
 Currently taking prednisone/prednisolone | 0.96 | 0.85–1.08 |  |
 Stopped taking prednisone/prednisolone | 0.86 | 0.76–0.97 |  |
NSAID treatment vs not currently taking | 1.22 | 1.13–1.32 | < 0.0001 |
Smoking regularly ever | 1.17 | 1.07–1.27 | 0.0003 |
Alcohol use (referent: never) | < 0.0001 | ||
 Sometimes | 0.77 | 0.70–0.84 |  |
 Everyday | 0.77 | 0.68–0.87 |  |
Hypertension (referent: no) | < 0.0001 | ||
 Positive history for hypertension | 1.27 | 1.16–1.39 |  |
Hyperlipidaemia (referent: no) | < 0.0001 | ||
 Positive history for hyperlipidaemia | 1.65 | 1.52–1.80 |  |
Diabetes (referent: no) | < 0.0001 | ||
 Positive history for diabetes | 1.28 | 1.16–1.42 |  |
Higher HAQa | 1.48 | 1.40–1.57 | < 0.0001 |