Fig. 1

Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) synthesis from neutrophils. Neutrophils (2 × 106/mL) were incubated with the indicated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or GM-CSF for 24 h, and supernatants were analyzed for IL-1β production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation of two independent experiments