Fig. 2

CD4⁺CD28^null T cells are endothelial homing, cytotoxic T cells. Unstimulated CD4 T cells from patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) (n = 10) were stained for expression of endothelial homing receptors CX3CR1, CD49d and CD11b and intracellular cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B. a Representative staining and summary data for unstimulated CD4 T cells gated on CD4⁺CD28^null (top two flow cytometry plots) and CD4⁺CD28⁺ T cells (bottom two flow cytometry plots). Sequential gating was performed as follows: CD49d and CD11b to identify CD49d CD11b double-positive cells, followed by CX3CR1 to identify CD49d CD11b CX3CR1 triple-positive cells. b Representative staining and summary data for unstimulated CD4 T cells gated on CD4⁺CD28⁺ and CD4⁺CD28^null T cells showing cells double-positive for perforin and granzyme B