Fig. 3

The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitor (IRAK4i) I92 reduces both a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and b interferon (IFN)-α production by monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls. The cells were stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes (RNA-IC) in the presence or absence of I92 or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), or were mock stimulated. TNF-α and IFN-α production in cell cultures was measured after 20 h by immunoassays. Box plots show median with interquartile range, based on 10–15 donors, in at least 10 independent experiments. Friedman’s test, uncorrected Dunn’s test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001