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Table 1 Population characteristics and characteristics of patients flaring and not flaring between month 0 (M0) and month 6 (M6) (significance of the p value set at 5%)

From: Monosodium urate burden assessed with dual-energy computed tomography predicts the risk of flares in gout: a 12-month observational study

Characteristics

Population (n = 78)

Patients without flare between M0 and M6 (n = 33)

Patients with at least 1 flare between M0 and M6 (n = 19)

p value

Demographics

 Age (years)

64.8 ± 13.9

67.4 ± 12.3

67.7 ± 13.8

0.95

 Male

68 (87.2%)

26 (78.8%)

17 (89.5%)

0.46

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

28.9 ± 4.3

29.1 ± 4.5

28.7 ± 4

0.62

 Current smoking

10 (12.8%)

2 (6.1%)

4 (21.1%)

0.18

 Excessive alcohol consumption (n)

38 (48.7%)

16 (48.5%)

8 (42.1%)

0.88

 Creatinine clearance (mL/min)

76.8 ± 28.0

70.3 ± 28.2

77.5 ± 32.8

0.51

Comorbidities

 High blood pressure

43 (55.1%)

22 (66.7%)

5 (26.3%)

0.012

 Coronary heart disease

12 (15.4%)

2 (6.1%)

4 (21.1%)

0.18

 Peripheral arterial disease

3 (3.8%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1

 Chronic heart disease

18 (23.1%)

8 (24.2%)

2 (10.5%)

0.29

 Stroke

8 (10.3%)

5 (15.2%)

0 (0%)

0.15

 Dyslipidemia

37 (47.4%)

18 (54.5%)

8 (42.1%)

0.56

 Diabetes mellitus

20 (25.6%)

12 (36.4%)

3 (15.8%)

0.21

 Obstructive sleep apnea

11 (14.1%)

6 (18.2%)

2 (10.5%)

0.69

 Psoriasis

5 (6.4%)

3 (9.1%)

1 (5.3%)

1

 Ongoing diuretics

19 (24.4%)

8 (24.2%)

4 (21.1%)

1

Disease characteristics

 Gout duration (years)

11.8 ± 11.9

9.6 ± 11.2

15.8 ± 13.4

0.061

 Renal stones

13 (16.7%)

6 (18.2%)

3 (15.8%)

1

 Family history of gout

18 (23.1%)

6 (18.2%)

6 (31.6%)

0.32

 Declared number of flares over the past year

4.1 ± 5.9

3.2 ± 4.4

4.6 ± 5.8

0.15

 Baseline ongoing flare prophylaxis

25 (32.1%)

12 (36.4%)

7 (36.8%)

1

 Baseline serum urate (mg/dL)

7.43 ± 2.33

6.93 ± 2.14

7.85 ± 2.12

0.096

 Ongoing urate lowering therapy

36 (46.2%)

16 (48.5%)

9 (47.4%)

1

  Allopurinol

18 (50%)

8 (50%)

5 (55.6%)

0.38

  Febuxostat

16 (44.4%)

8 (50%)

3 (33.3%)

  Probenecid

1 (2.8%)

0 (0%)

1 (11.1%)

  Benzbromarone

1 (2.8%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Subcutaneous tophi

28 (35.9%)

7 (21.2%)

9 (47.4%)

0.098

 US tophi

49 (62.8%)

19 (57.6%)

13 (68.4%)

0.63

 Number of joints with the US double contour sign (/6)

2.4 ± 1.3

2.2 ± 1

2.8 ± 1.4

0.3

 At least one US double contour sign

75 (96.2%)

32 (97%)

19 (100%)

1

 DECT MSU volume knees (cm3)

6.3 ± 28.1

0.6 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 3.4

0.11

 DECT MSU volume feet (cm3)

5.4 ± 16.7

0.9 ± 1.3

2.4 ± 2.1

0.0064

  1. US ultrasonography, DECT dual-energy computed tomography, MSU monosodium urate
  2. Significance of the p value was set at 5% are in bold