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Table 2 Regression results of definite neuropathic-like knee pain versus possible neuropathic-like knee pain, non-neuropathic-like knee pain and no knee pain in the whole Nottingham Knee Pain and Health in the Community study population

From: Neuropathic-like knee pain and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study in a UK community sample

  

OR (95% CI)

No KP

Non-NKP

Possible NKP

Definite NKP

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

(n = 6822)

(n = 1685)

 

(n = 462)

 

(n = 366)

 

Age

1 (referent)

0.99 (0.99; 1.00)

–

0.99 (0.99;1.00)

–

0.99 (0.98;1.00)

–

Body mass index

1

1.06 (1.06; 1.08)

–

1.11 (1.09;1.13)

–

1.15 (1.13;1.17)

–

Gender

1

1.04 (0.93; 1.16)

–

1.03 (0.85; 1.24)

–

1.57 (1.25; 1.96)

–

Pain severity

1

1.70 (1.64; 1.77)

–

2.28 (2.15; 2.53)

–

3.44 (3.16; 3.74)

–

Peripheral factors

 High-risk occupation

1

1.36 (1.22; 1.51)

0.88 (0.74; 1.05)

2.22 (1.83; 2.69)

1.38 (1.06; 1.80)

1.75 (1.41; 2.16)

1.04 (0.77; 1.42)

 Significant injury

1

2.40 (2.12; 2.73)

0.93 (0.78; 1.12)

3.41 (2.78; 4.18)

1.29 (0.98; 1.69)

3.53 (2.81; 4.44)

1.44 (1.04; 1.99)

 Nodal OA

1

1.60 (1.36; 1.89)

1.01 (0.78; 1.30)

2.09 (1.62; 2.70)

1.34 (0.93; 1.93)

3.19 (2.47; 4.12)

1.76 (1.19; 2.63)

 2D:4D digit ratio

1

0.99 (0.99; 1.00)

0.99 (0.99; 1.00)

0.99 (0.99; 1.00)

0.99 (0.99; 0.99)

1.00 (0.99; 1.00)

0.99 (0.99; 1.00)

Central factors

 Anxiety

1

1.73 (1.49; 2.00)

0.8 (0.63; 1.00)

3.79 (3.08; 4.68)

1.42 (1.04; 1.94)

8.78 (7.06; 10.93)

2.48 (1.76; 3.48)

 Depression

1

2.27 (1.84; 2.80)

0.84 (0.60; 1.19)

6.04 (4.66; 7.84)

1.71 (1.13; 2.59)

14.06 (11.00; 17.99)

2.62 (1.70; 4.04)

Pain Catastrophising Scale

  Lowest tertile

1

–

–

    

  Middle tertile

 

2.00 (1.75; 2.23)

1.19 (0.97; 1.47)

4.93 (3.35; 7.24)

2.45 (1.57; 3.82)

4.04 (2.14; 7.62)

1.60 (0.80; 3.23)

  Highest tertile

 

2.53 (2.20; 2.91)

0.87 (0.69; 1.09)

14.98 (10.44; 21.49)

3.33 (2.16; 5.14)

40.84 (23.36; 71.42)

5.00 (2.68; 9.36)

 Fatigue

  Lowest tertile

1

–

–

    

  Middle tertile

 

1.94 (1.70; 2.22)

1.01 (0.83; 1.24)

2.75 (2.04; 3.69)

1.14 (0.79; 1.65)

6.26 (3.72; 10.55)

2.38 (1.31; 4.33)

  Highest tertile

 

2.80 (2.44; 3.23)

0.97 (0.77; 1.22)

7.77 (5.86; 10.30)

1.86 (1.29; 2.68)

31.20 (19.02; 51.21)

5.11 (2.86; 9.15)

  Fibromyalgia

1

2.11 (1.51; 2.97)

0.79 (0.47; 1.32)

3.97 (2.55; 6.17)

1.27 (0.66; 2.42)

12.28 (8.70; 17.32)

3.19 (1.70; 5.98)

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

1

1.28 (1.14; 1.44)

1.00 (0.82; 1.21)

1.71 (1.41; 2.07)

1.18 (0.88; 1.57)

1.73 (1.40; 2.15)

1.09 (0.78; 1.53)

 Hyperlipidaemia

1

1.18 (1.05; 1.33)

1.05 (0.86; 1.28)

1.45 (1.19; 1.77)

1.17 (0.87; 1.56)

1.83 (1.47; 2.27)

1.44 (1.03; 2.01)

 Stroke

1

1.19 (0.87; 1.64)

1.12 (0.66; 1.89)

1.19 (0.69; 2.07)

1.18 (0.55; 2.50)

1.63 (0.95; 2.80)

1.13 (0.48; 2.68)

 Diabetes

1

1.30 (1.08; 1.55)

0.91 (0.67; 1.22)

2.10 (1.61; 2.75)

1.20 (0.80; 1.80)

2.84 (2.17; 3.72)

1.38 (0.88; 2.15)

 Multiple regional pain

1

2.50 (2.22;2.83)

0.97 (0.81; 1.18)

4.43 (3.65; 5.38)

1.60 (1.23; 2.09)

6.32 (5.10; 7.84)

1.90 (1.40; 2.60)

Pain experience

 ICOAP overall

1

1.11 (1.10; 1.12)

1.08 (1.07; 1.10)

1.15 (1.14; 1.16)

1.11 (1.10; 1.13)

1.19 (1.18; 1.20)

1.14 (1.13; 1.16)

 ICOAP intermittent

1

1.09 (1.08; 1.10)

1.06 (1.05; 1.07)

1.13 (1.12; 1.14)

1.08 (1.07; 1.09)

1.17 (1.15; 1.18)

1.10 (1.09; 1.12)

 ICOAP constant

1

1.10 (1.09; 1.10)

1.07 (1.06; 1.08)

1.13 (1.13; 1.14)

1.10 (1.09; 1.11)

1.18 (1.16; 1.19)

1.12 (1.11; 1.14)

  1. Abbreviations: ICOAP Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain measure, KP Knee pain, NKP Neuropathic-like knee pain, OA Osteoarthritis
  2. No KP is no knee pain; non-NKP is non-neuropathic-like knee pain; likely NKP is likely neuropathic pain; and definite NKP is definite neuropathic-like knee pain
  3. The no KP group is the referent group, and hence a ‘1’ represents this in the table
  4. Note: Significant associations are highlighted in bold. For comparison purposes, we only present crude and age-, gender-, body mass index- and pain severity-adjusted OR for each factor
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

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