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Fig. 5 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies alone is associated with changes in B cell activation and T follicular helper cells similar to those in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease

Fig. 5

In principal component analysis (PCA) the cellular phenotype of many asymptomatic anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)+ individuals or patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) overlaps with that of patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) and is distinct from that of healthy controls. The 3-D plots show asymptomatic ANA+ individuals (ANA+, gray) (a) or patients with UCTD (blue) (b), as compared to healthy controls (black) and patients with SARD (red). Analyses were performed using the PCA function in the missMDA (v1.12) package, with missing data imputed using the imputePCA function. Corresponding plots were created using the scatterplot3d (v0.3–41) package

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