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Table 2 Variables associated with the development of pleuropulmonary manifestations

From: Primary respiratory disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the Spanish rheumatology society lupus registry (RELESSER) cohort

 

Without pleuropulmonary involvement (N = 2219)

With pleuropulmonary involvement (N = 996)

Univariate analyses

Multivariate analyses

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Gender, female (%)

91.5% (2030)

88.3% (880)

0.053

0.86 (0.57–1.29)

0.450

Age at SLE onset, mean ± SD

37 ± 11.6

39.1 ± 13

<0.001

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

0.001

Tobacco (before or at the time of RELESSER-TRANS inclusion)

41.4% (919)

45.2% (450)

0.015

1.13 (0.88–1.45)

0.350

Clinical manifestations

 Arthritis

77.3% (1717)

80% (797)

0.257

1.35 (0.99–1.85)

0.069

 Cutaneous

64.9% (1440)

62.6% (623)

0.568

  

 Raynaud’s phenomenon

32.6% (723)

41.9% (417)

<0.001

1.41 (1.09–1.84)

0.015

 Vasculitis

7.2% (160)

17.6% (175)

<0.001

1.81 (1.25–2.62)

0.002

 Nephritis

26.8% (595)

39% (389)

0.043

1.30 (0.98–1.73)

0.068

 Severe lupus nephritis (only including classes III, IV, V, and mixed III/IV + V)

20.2% (450)

26.7% (266)

<0.001

1.48 (1.12–1.95)

0.002

 Non-ischemic cardiac disease, excluding pericarditis

2.3% (52)

9.3% (93)

<0.001

2.91 (1.90–4.15)

0.001

 Gastrointestinal involvement, except hepatitis

2.2% (49)

5.3% (53)

0.001

2.05 (1.14–3.66)

0.016

 Hepatitis

2.3% (51)

3.9% (39)

0.078

0.75 (0.35–1.60)

0.453

 Hematologic abnormalities

76.7% (1701)

84.3% (840)

0.001

1.31 (1.00–1.71)

0.048

 Neuropsychiatric manifestations

4.4% (98)

(112)

<0.001

1.49 (1.11–2.02)

0.009

 Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome

12% (266)

27.9% (278)

<0.001

2.20 (1.63–2.97)

0.000

 SLEDAI score, mean ± SD

2.72 ± 2.43

3.65 ± 2.25

<0.001

1.03 (1.00–1.07)

0.021

 SDI score, mean ± SD

0.90 ± 1.40

2.39 ± 3.34

<0.001

  

Immunological laboratory*

 Anti-dsDNA antibody positivity

71.3% (1978/2772)

76.7% (277/361)

0.072

  

 Hypocomplementemia

76.2% (2123/2785)

77.9% (278/357)

0.085

  

 Anti-Sm antibody positivity

20.2% (545/2701)

23.6% (82/347)

0.134

  

 Anti-Ro antibody positivity

40.8% (1126/2760)

36.1% (126/349)

0.092

  

 Anti-La antibody positivity

19.7% (543/2756)

16.5% (58/352)

0.149

  

 Anti-RNP antibody positivity

23.9% (657/2744)

30.5% (107/351)

0.007

1.32 (1.00–1.75)

0.054

 Anticardiolipin antibody positivity (IgM or IgG)

19.9% (520/2616)

21.7% (73/336)

0.426

  

 Anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (IgM or IgG)

13.3% (226/1697)

14.9% (33/221)

0.509

  

 Lupus anticoagulant

22.2% (455/2049)

30.1% (82/272)

0.004

  
  1. Results are presented as percentage (and number of cases) or mean ± standard deviation
  2. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, RELESSER-TRANS Registry of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology [SER], cross-sectional phase, SD standard deviation, SDI Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index
  3. * Because this is a retrospective (historical) study, not all analyzed variables were available in all included cases. Thus, the percentage for each variable was calculated for only those patients in which the data were documented
  4. Statistical significance was assumed as a p value of less than 0.05 (bold data)