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Table 1 Participant characteristics

From: Effect of high-intensity interval training on muscle remodeling in rheumatoid arthritis compared to prediabetes

Variable

Rheumatoid arthritis (n = 12)

Prediabetes (n = 9)

Age, years

63.9 (7.2)

71.4 (4.9)*

Gender

 Female

11 (91.6%)

5 (55.6%)

Race

 Caucasian

11 (91.6%)

8 (88.9%)

 African-American

1 (8.4%)

1 (11.1%)

Absolute peak VO2, mL/min

 Pre-HIIT

1.75 (0.38)

1.71 (0.46)

 Post-HIIT

1.90 (0.38)**

1.94 (0.57)**

Relative peak VO2, mL/kg per min

 Pre-HIIT

24.9 (6.6)

19.9 (2.7)

 Post-HIIT

27.1 (6.9)**

23.1 (3.6)**

BMI, kg/m2

 Pre-HIIT

27.4 (9.3)

29.4 (3.0)

 Post-HIIT

27.6 (9.8)

29.0 (3.0)

Body fat, %

 Pre-HIIT

36.6 (11.6)

39.6 (8.6)

 Post-HIIT

37.2 (11.2)

39.1 (8.1)

Lean mass, kg

 Pre-HIIT

44.9 (8.9)

50.1 (12.2)

 Post-HIIT

44.7 (7.8)

50.1 (12.0)

Hemoglobin A1c

 Pre-HIIT

5.46 (0.59)

5.99 (0.19)*

 Post-HIIT

5.56 (0.41)

5.87 (0.21)*

Disease duration, years

13.3 (7.2)

NA

DAS-28, mean (SD)

 Pre-HIIT

3.1 (2.3)

NA

 Post-HIIT

2.3 (1.5)**

NA

Rheumatoid factor–positive

10/12 (83.3%)

NA

Anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody–positive

5/8 (62.5%)

NA

Erosions on radiographs present

9/12 (75.0%)

NA

Medication use

 Infliximab

2 (16.7%)

NA

 Adalimumab

2 (16.7%)

NA

 Tofacitinib

1 (8.3%)

NA

 Methotrexate

6 (50%)

NA

 Leflunomide

1 (8.3%)

NA

 Sulfasalazine

2 (16.7%)

NA

 Hydroxychloroquine

4 (33.3%)

NA

 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

8 (66.7%)

NA

 Prednisone (<5 mg/day)

3 (25%)

NA

  1. Data are presented as mean (SD) for continuous variables and number (percentage) of participants for dichotomous variables.
  2. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, HIIT high-intensity interval training, NA not applicable, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, SD standard deviation, VO2 maximal oxygen consumption
  3. *P <0.05 for comparisons between rheumatoid arthritis and prediabetes groups
  4. ** P <0.05 for comparisons between pre-and post-HIIT rheumatoid arthritis and prediabetes groups