Fig. 1

Experimental outline. a Venn diagram of samples and data collected: blood, synovial fluids (SFs), Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grading and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). b Experimental outline and methods; OA state: i.e. Early (KL I/II) or Late (KL III/IV). PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; MΦ, monocytes/macrophages; SF, synovial fluid; CCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2