Association between severity of periodontitis and clinical activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a case–control study

Table 1 Anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities in RA patients and controls

	RA patients		Controls		p
	N	%	N	%	p
Gender
Female	147	78.61	101	64.33
Male	40	21.39	56	35.67
Ratio female/male	3.6		1.8		0.003*
Mean (SD) age (years)	54.4 (10.8)		55.5 (23.7)
Race
Caucasian	182	97.33	152	96.81
Diagnosis
Osteoarthritis	–	–	118	75.15
Back pain	–	–	23	14.65
Scapulohumeral peri-arthritis	–	–	10	6.36
Others	–	–	6	3.84
Graffar Scale
High	13	6.95	25	15.92
Medium	34	18.18	48	30.57
Low	68	36.36	55	35.03
Relative poverty	63	33.69	28	17.83
Extreme poverty	8	4.28	0	0	< 0.001*
Annual dental prophylaxis	80	43.01	90	57.32	0.008*
Mean (SD) ESR (mm/h)	26.03 (16.8)		16.97 (12.92)
Periodontally healthy (Level 0)	21.80 (7.46)		16.06 (8.98)
Periodontitis (Level 1 + 2)	25.86 (16.68)		19.05 (15.40)		0.022**
Mean (SD) CRP (mg/L)	5.14 (7.00)		2.85 (4.03)
Periodontally healthy (Level 0)	4.43 (2.34)		1.72 (1.08)
Periodontitis (Level 1 + 2)	4.86 (5.21)		3.26 (4.83)		0.069**
Bone mineral density
Normal	64	44.14	113	80.14
Osteopenia	47	32.41	16	11.35
Osteoporosis	34	23.45	11	7.8	< 0.001*
Tobacco
Never	105	56.15	125	79.62
Current	36	19.25	14	8.92
Former smoker	46	24.6	18	11.46	< 0.001*
Stress	50	27.03	46	29.30
Diabetes	23	12.3	13	8.33
Type II	19	10.16	12	7.64
Dyslipidemia	100	53.48	71	45.22
Hypercholesterolemia	51	27.27	56	35.67
Hypertriglyceridemia	21	11.23	7	4.46
Mixed hyperlipidemia	28	14.97	8	5.1	< 0.001*
Hypertension	58	31.02	35	22.29
Myocardial infarction	8	4.28	3	1.92
Mean (SD) BMI (kg/m²)	27 (4.7)		27.9 (4.4)
Normal, 18.5–24.99	52	27.81	47	30.13
Overweight, 25–29.99	79	42.25	71	45.51
Obesity I, 30–34.99	46	24.6	28	17.95

Data represent number, percentage or mean (SD). p > 0.05 not shown
BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SD standard deviation
*Inter-group comparisons
**Intra-group comparisons

ISSN: 1478-6362