Table 5 Independent t test

P

Mean difference

95% CI

P

Mean difference

95% CI

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

ODI score

12.0

10.7

30.5

15.6

< 0.001*

− 18.4

(− 21.9, − 14.9)

17.8

15.0

21.2

16.5

0.112

−3.4

(−7.7, 0.8)

 Depression

4.1

3.4

6.4

3.7

< 0.001*

− 2.3

(− 3.3, − 1.3)

5.0

3.1

5.0

4.4

0.938

0.0

(−1.1, 1.0)

 Anxiety

4.9

3.5

7.4

3.6

< 0.001*

− 2.5

(− 3.5, − 1.5)

5.9

3.6

5.8

3.9

0.934

0.0

(−1.0, 1.1)

 Total

8.9

6.3

13.8

6.7

< 0.001*

− 4.9

(− 6.7, − 3.0)

10.8

6.2

10.8

7.9

0.952

0.1

(−1.9, 2.0)

EQ-5D VAS score

68.1

17.6

54.4

17.9

< 0.001*

13.7

(8.8, 18.5)

63.2

19.4

62.4

18.2

0.764

0.8

(−4.4, 5.9)

EQ-5D-5 L score

0.874

0.122

0.656

0.206

< 0.001*

0.2

(0.2, 0.3)

0.807

0.179

0.763

0.207

0.097

0.0

(0.0, 0.1)

BASFI

1.3

1.5

3.6

2.4

< 0.001*

− 2.3

(− 2.8, − 1.8)

2.0

2.1

2.5

2.3

0.128

−0.5

(− 1.1, 0.1)

BASMI

3.8

1.6

4.2

1.5

0.058

− 0.4

(−  0.8, 0.0)

4.0

1.5

4.0

1.7

0.957

0.0

(− 0.4, 0.4)

 Physical functioning

81.2

17.1

61.2

19.7

< 0.001*

20.0

(14.2, 25.9)

75.1

21.8

73.0

18.3

0.515

2.1

(−4.3, 8.5)

 Role physical

78.0

20.1

57.1

23.2

< 0.001*

20.9

(14.0, 27.8)

72.8

22.8

67.9

24.0

0.192

4.8

(−2.5, 12.1)

 Role emotional

80.4

21.3

57.7

25.8

< 0.001*

22.7

(15.2, 30.1)

72.8

24.6

72.0

26.4

0.838

0.8

(−7.1, 8.8)

 Vitality

58.7

18.8

41.4

16.4

< 0.001*

17.3

(11.4, 23.1)

51.9

19.5

53.8

20.1

0.551

−1.9

(−8.0, 4.3)

 Emotional well-being

70.3

16.4

61.1

18.2

0.001*

9.2

(3.7, 14.8)

67.3

16.7

66.7

18.8

0.839

0.6

(− 5.0, 6.1)

 Social functioning

83.8

18.4

65.2

23.1

< 0.001*

18.7

(12.1, 25.2)

77.3

23.0

77.5

20.6

0.943

−0.3

(−7.2, 6.7)

 Bodily pain

71.7

18.3

43.7

17.0

< 0.001*

28.1

(22.3, 33.9)

63.8

22.9

59.2

21.3

0.191

4.6

(−2.3, 11.6)

 General health

47.7

18.9

31.2

17.7

< 0.001*

16.5

(10.4, 22.7)

40.7

19.7

43.9

20.5

0.333

−3.1

(−9.6, 3.3)

 PCS

47.5

6.6

37.9

7.4

< 0.001*

9.6

(7.3, 11.9)

44.7

8.7

43.5

7.5

0.349

1.3

(−1.4, 3.9)

 MCS

47.9

9.4

41.0

11.5

< 0.001*

6.8

(3.5, 10.2)

45.1

10.3

46.0

11.2

0.625

−0.8

(−4.3, 2.6)

BASDAI

2.2

1.0

5.7

1.2

< 0.001*

− 3.5

(− 3.8, − 3.2)

3.4

2.1

3.7

2.0

0.316

−0.3

(−0.8, 0.3)

ASDAS-CRP

1.1

0.7

2.5

0.8

< 0.001*

− 1.5

(− 1.7, − 1.3)

1.6

1.0

1.7

1.1

0.563

− 0.1

(−  0.4, 0.2)

P

Mean difference

95% CI

P

Mean difference

95% CI

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

ODI score

18.9

15.5

25.4

18.9

0.248

− 6.5

(− 17.7, 4.6)

18.7

16.0

19.8

15.0

0.601

− 1.2

(−5.5, 3.2)

 Depression

5.0

3.7

5.6

2.0

0.622

− 0.7

(− 3.2, 1.9)

4.9

3.6

5.1

3.9

0.697

−  0.2

(−1.3, 0.8)

 Anxiety

5.9

3.7

6.4

4.0

0.697

− 0.5

(− 3.2, 2.1)

5.9

3.7

5.8

3.8

0.819

0.1

(−1.0, 1.2)

 Total

10.8

6.9

12.0

5.5

0.633

− 1.2

(− 6.1, 3.7)

10.8

6.7

10.9

7.3

0.917

− 0.1

(−2.1, 1.9)

EQ-5D VAS score

63.3

18.9

55.3

17.2

0.240

8.0

(− 5.4, 21.4)

64.6

17.7

59.5

20.6

0.056

5.1

(−0.1, 10.3)

EQ-5D-5 L score

0.792

0.192

0.697

0.162

0.168

0.1

(0.0, 0.2)

0.794

0.194

0.779

0.188

0.583

0.0

(0.0, 0.1)

BASFI

2.1

2.1

2.9

3.0

0.331

− 0.8

(− 2.3, 0.8)

2.1

2.2

2.4

2.1

0.257

− 0.3

(−1.0, 0.3)

BASMI

3.9

1.5

5.0

2.2

0.068

− 1.0

(− 2.1, 0.1)

3.7

1.5

4.5

1.6

< 0.001*

− 0.7

(−1.2, − 0.3)

 Physical functioning

74.7

19.9

63.3

31.3

0.182

11.3

(− 5.4, 28.1)

75.1

20.7

72.5

19.9

0.434

2.6

(−4.0, 9.3)

 Role physical

71.0

23.6

65.6

20.4

0.587

5.3

(− 14.0, 24.6)

72.1

22.9

68.3

24.5

0.330

3.8

(−3.9, 11.4)

 Role emotional

72.1

25.5

77.8

20.9

0.592

− 5.7

(− 26.5, 15.2)

73.8

24.7

69.6

26.4

0.312

4.2

(−4.0, 12.4)

 Vitality

52.7

20.0

52.1

15.1

0.938

0.6

(− 15.7, 17.0)

53.0

19.9

52.4

19.6

0.863

0.6

(−5.9, 7.0)

 Emotional well-being

67.2

17.7

59.2

14.3

0.272

8.1

(− 6.4, 22.5)

66.9

18.1

67.6

16.7

0.807

−0.7

(−6.4, 5.0)

 Social functioning

77.4

22.1

72.9

20.0

0.624

4.5

(− 13.6, 22.6)

76.7

22.8

78.3

20.4

0.645

−1.7

(−8.9, 5.5)

 Bodily pain

61.9

22.0

55.8

26.6

0.515

6.0

(− 12.2, 24.3)

61.8

23.5

62.1

20.4

0.930

− 0.3

(−7.6, 7.0)

 General health

42.2

20.2

38.3

19.4

0.649

3.8

(− 12.8, 20.4)

42.3

19.7

41.5

21.1

0.808

0.8

(−5.9, 7.5)

 PCS

44.3

8.1

40.9

11.4

0.325

3.4

(− 3.4, 10.2)

44.6

8.5

43.5

7.9

0.460

1.0

(−1.7, 3.8)

 MCS

45.4

10.8

45.3

6.8

0.974

0.1

(−  8.6, 8.9)

45.7

11.0

45.2

10.1

0.770

0.5

(−3.0, 4.1)

BASDAI

3.5

2.0

4.2

2.0

0.327

− 0.7

(− 2.2, 0.7)

3.5

2.1

3.5

1.9

0.845

0.1

(−0.5, 0.6)

ASDAS-CRP

1.6

1.0

2.0

1.2

0.270

− 0.4

(− 1.1, 0.3)

1.6

1.0

1.7

1.1

0.393

− 0.1

(−0.4, 0.2)

P

Mean difference

95% CI

P

Mean difference

95% CI

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

ODI score

18.8

15.4

21.1

17.4

0.435

− 2.3

(− 8.1, 3.5)

15.1

15.7

19.4

15.7

0.245

− 4.3

(−11.6, 3.0)

 Depression

4.8

3.5

6.0

4.1

0.079

− 1.2

(− 2.6, 0.1)

4.4

3.7

5.0

3.7

0.449

−0.7

(−2.4, 1.0)

 Anxiety

5.7

3.7

6.4

3.9

0.357

− 0.7

(− 2.0, 0.7)

5.1

3.7

6.0

3.7

0.332

− 0.9

(−2.6, 0.9)

 Total

10.5

6.8

12.4

7.5

0.150

− 1.9

(− 4.5, 0.7)

9.5

6.9

10.9

7.0

0.361

− 1.5

(−4.7, 1.7)

EQ-5D VAS score

62.9

19.2

62.8

17.1

0.975

0.1

(− 6.9, 7.2)

66.9

17.4

62.3

19.1

0.312

4.5

(−4.3, 13.3)

EQ-5D-5 L score

0.794

0.185

0.765

0.224

0.425

0.0

(0.0, 0.1)

0.813

0.180

0.788

0.193

0.576

0.0

(−0.1, 0.1)

BASFI

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.4

0.961

0.0

(− 0.8, 0.8)

1.8

2.9

2.2

2.1

0.416

−0.4

(−1.4, 0.6)

BASMI

4.0

1.6

3.7

1.3

0.269

0.3

(− 0.3, 0.9)

3.7

1.6

4.0

1.6

0.414

−0.3

(−1.0, 0.4)

 Physical functioning

74.6

20.2

72.4

21.5

0.618

2.1

(− 6.3, 10.6)

74.7

26.9

74.1

19.8

0.918

0.6

(−10.2, 11.3)

 Role physical

71.5

23.4

67.0

23.7

0.354

4.5

(− 5.1, 14.1)

71.1

27.8

70.7

23.2

0.956

0.3

(−12.0, 12.7)

 Role emotional

72.7

25.4

71.7

25.4

0.861

0.9

(− 9.5, 11.3)

71.9

32.9

72.5

24.6

0.932

−0.6

(−13.9, 12.7)

 Vitality

52.9

20.0

51.6

18.8

0.742

1.4

(− 6.8, 9.5)

58.2

18.9

52.0

19.9

0.239

6.2

(−4.1, 16.5)

 Emotional well-being

67.5

17.5

64.6

18.1

0.438

2.9

(− 4.4, 10.2)

69.7

22.9

66.8

17.0

0.539

2.9

(−6.3, 12.1)

 Social functioning

78.5

21.8

72.3

22.4

0.180

6.1

(− 2.9, 15.1)

78.1

27.2

76.9

21.5

0.837

1.2

(−10.3, 12.7)

 Bodily pain

61.6

22.2

63.3

23.3

0.709

− 1.8

(− 11.1, 7.6)

69.7

24.4

61.0

22.2

0.158

8.6

(−3.4, 20.7)

 General health

42.5

20.1

39.8

19.9

0.537

2.7

(− 5.9, 11.2)

50.7

20.3

40.9

20.0

0.075

9.8

(−1.0, 20.5)

 PCS

44.3

8.3

43.5

8.3

0.657

0.8

(− 2.8, 4.4)

46.5

8.1

43.9

8.3

0.249

2.6

(−1.9, 7.1)

 MCS

45.7

10.7

44.6

10.5

0.648

1.1

(− 3.6, 5.8)

47.4

13.6

45.2

10.4

0.468

2.1

(−3.7, 7.9)

BASDAI

3.6

2.0

3.3

2.1

0.532

0.2

(− 0.5, 1.0)

2.6

1.7

3.6

2.0

0.036*

− 1.0

(−1.9, −0.1)

ASDAS-CRP

1.7

1.0

1.4

1.0

0.171

0.3

(− 0.1, 0.6)

1.3

1.0

1.7

1.0

0.085

− 0.4

(−0.9, 0.1)

P

Mean difference

95% CI

P

Mean difference

95% CI

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

ODI score

10.3

12.9

21.7

15.5

< 0.001*

− 11.5

(− 16.2, − 6.7)

5.6

8.0

20.7

15.6

< 0.001*

− 15.1

(−21.6, −8.6)

 Depression

3.4

2.9

5.4

3.8

< 0.001*

− 2.0

(− 3.2, − 0.9)

3.3

2.5

5.2

3.7

0.020*

− 1.9

(−3.5, − 0.3)

 Anxiety

4.9

3.6

6.2

3.7

0.045*

− 1.2

(− 2.4, 0.0)

3.9

3.3

6.1

3.7

0.008*

−2.2

(−3.8, −0.6)

 Total

8.3

5.8

11.6

7.1

0.004*

− 3.2

(− 5.4, − 1.0)

7.3

5.1

11.3

7.0

0.009*

− 4.0

(−7.0, −1.0)

EQ-5D VAS score

72.1

13.8

59.9

19.5

< 0.001*

12.2

(6.4, 18.0)

74.7

13.3

61.5

19.0

0.001*

13.2

(5.2, 21.3)

EQ-5D-5 L score

0.886

0.132

0.761

0.198

< 0.001*

0.1

(0.1, 0.2)

0.932

0.110

0.773

0.192

< 0.001*

0.2

(0.1, 0.2)

BASFI

1.2

1.8

2.5

2.2

< 0.001*

− 1.4

(− 2.0, − 0.7)

0.8

1.8

2.4

2.2

< 0.001*

− 1.6

(−2.6, − 0.7)

BASMI

3.7

1.6

4.1

1.6

0.112

− 0.4

(− 0.9, 0.1)

3.6

1.2

4.0

1.6

0.269

− 0.4

(−1.1, 0.3)

 Physical functioning

82.7

20.8

71.1

19.6

0.001*

11.6

(4.5, 18.7)

87.9

19.3

72.9

20.0

0.008*

15.0

(3.9, 26.0)

 Role physical

80.2

23.3

67.4

22.9

0.002*

12.8

(4.6, 20.9)

86.6

18.6

69.2

23.3

0.007*

17.4

(4.7, 30.1)

 Role emotional

81.2

27.2

69.3

24.2

0.009*

11.9

(3.0, 20.7)

88.1

22.8

71.0

25.1

0.015*

17.1

(3.3, 30.8)

 Vitality

62.4

17.5

49.2

19.5

< 0.001*

13.1

(6.4, 19.9)

62.9

13.5

51.7

20.0

0.042*

11.2

(0.4, 22.0)

 Emotional well-being

70.5

17.9

65.9

17.5

0.155

4.6

(− 1.7, 10.9)

75.7

16.2

66.2

17.6

0.053

9.5

(−0.1, 19.1)

 Social functioning

86.9

19.3

73.5

21.9

< 0.001*

13.4

(5.8, 21.0)

92.0

16.0

76.0

22.0

0.009*

16.0

(4.0, 27.9)

 Bodily pain

79.1

18.2

55.8

20.7

< 0.001*

23.3

(16.1, 30.5)

91.7

11.8

59.3

21.1

< 0.001*

32.5

(20.7, 44.2)

 General health

48.3

20.1

39.6

19.8

0.019*

8.6

(1.4, 15.9)

54.6

12.8

40.9

20.2

0.018*

13.7

(2.4, 25.0)

 PCS

49.1

7.7

42.5

7.9

< 0.001*

6.7

(3.8, 9.5)

52.5

4.4

43.4

8.1

< 0.001*

9.0

(4.5, 13.6)

 MCS

48.5

10.1

44.4

10.8

0.037*

4.1

(0.2, 8.0)

52.1

8.0

44.9

10.7

0.019*

7.2

(1.2, 13.2)

BASDAI

2.0

1.3

4.0

2.0

< 0.001*

− 2.0

(− 2.6, − 1.5)

1.1

0.9

3.8

1.9

< 0.001*

−2.7

(−3.5, −1.9)

ASDAS-CRP

0.9

0.8

1.9

1.0

< 0.001*

− 1.0

(− 1.3, − 0.7)

0.6

0.6

1.8

1.0

< 0.001*

−1.1

(−1.5, −0.7)