Skip to main content

Table 6 ANOVA test

From: Psychometric validation of the EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire in patients with spondyloarthritis

 

ASDAS-CRP

HADS depression

Inactive disease (< 1.3) (n = 89)

Moderate disease activity (1.3 to < 2.1) (n = 64)

High disease activity (2.1 to < 3.5) (n = 57)

Very high disease activity (> 3.5) (n = 9)

P

Normal (0–7) (n = 161)

Borderline (8–10) (n = 30)

Abnormal (11–21) (n = 12)

P

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

ODI score

10.7

10.7

20.6

12.3

28.3

18.1

34.7

16.7

< 0.001*

15.1

12.9

32.6

15.2

40.4

17.3

< 0.001*

HADS score

 Depression

4.0

3.1

4.9

4.1

6.2

3.2

7.9

5.1

< 0.001*

3.4

2.2

9.0

0.7

13.4

2.4

< 0.001*

 Anxiety

4.8

3.4

6.2

4.0

7.0

3.4

6.9

4.7

0.005*

4.8

3.2

8.4

2.7

11.7

3.1

< 0.001*

 Total

8.8

6.0

11.1

7.6

13.2

6.1

14.8

9.2

< 0.001*

8.3

5.0

17.4

3.0

25.1

4.8

< 0.001*

EQ-5D VAS score

71.1

15.9

61.4

17.1

56.8

17.5

33.9

20.0

< 0.001*

66.1

17.3

53.1

17.9

40.9

16.7

< 0.001*

EQ-5D-5 L score

0.889

0.103

0.787

0.157

0.685

0.219

0.465

0.222

< 0.001*

0.834

0.149

0.640

0.220

0.557

0.266

< 0.001*

BASFI

0.9

1.3

2.3

1.6

3.6

2.5

5.1

2.2

< 0.001*

1.7

1.8

3.8

2.6

4.7

2.5

< 0.001*

BASMI

3.5

1.4

4.2

1.7

4.5

1.5

4.1

2.0

< 0.001*

3.8

1.5

4.7

1.4

4.4

1.7

0.004*

SF-36

 Physical functioning

84.2

15.9

69.7

16.8

57.8

21.5

55.0

0.0

< 0.001*

79.4

18.5

57.8

17.0

53.2

22.5

< 0.001*

 Role physical

80.5

17.8

67.7

22.8

53.1

24.3

37.5

0.0

< 0.001*

76.9

20.4

54.6

18.0

46.6

25.2

< 0.001*

 Role emotional

82.1

20.8

70.2

23.1

53.7

27.5

66.7

0.0

< 0.001*

79.7

21.5

56.5

17.2

32.6

23.7

< 0.001*

 Vitality

61.1

16.7

47.8

19.2

41.0

18.7

25.0

0.0

< 0.001*

58.0

18.1

39.4

9.7

21.0

14.3

< 0.001*

 Emotional well-being

71.5

15.3

64.0

18.4

61.5

19.3

60.0

0.0

0.017*

72.5

15.0

52.6

9.2

36.4

11.9

< 0.001*

 Social functioning

86.2

15.6

72.1

22.5

65.1

25.5

50.0

0.0

< 0.001*

83.5

18.3

63.0

20.1

40.9

14.9

< 0.001*

 Bodily pain

74.5

17.7

56.3

19.0

40.9

16.8

45.0

0.0

< 0.001*

66.7

21.5

50.0

20.8

38.9

12.7

< 0.001*

 General health

50.1

18.3

37.6

20.1

30.5

15.3

5.0

0.0

< 0.001*

46.1

19.8

34.3

14.7

17.0

12.3

< 0.001*

 PCS

48.8

6.5

42.1

6.5

36.8

7.3

30.7

0.0

< 0.001*

45.8

8.1

39.6

6.9

38.1

8.2

< 0.001*

 MCS

48.5

8.6

44.1

11.1

40.8

12.4

40.3

0.0

0.003*

48.8

8.9

38.0

4.3

24.4

7.0

< 0.001*

BASDAI

1.9

1.0

3.6

1.3

5.5

1.6

6.6

1.4

< 0.001*

3.1

1.9

4.7

1.9

5.3

2.0

< 0.001*

ASDAS-CRP

0.7

0.3

1.7

0.2

2.7

0.4

4.2

0.5

< 0.001*

1.4

0.9

2.1

1.0

2.4

1.0

< 0.001*

 

HADS anxiety

 

ODI

Normal (0–7) (n = 137)

Borderline (8–10) (n = 44)

Abnormal (11–21) (n = 22)

P

Minimal disability (0–20) (n = 140)

Moderate disability (21–40) (n = 54)

Severe disability (41–60) (n = 22)

Crippled (61–80) (n = 4)

P

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

ODI score

16.0

13.9

22.6

15.7

34.0

18.4

< 0.001*

9.3

6.3

29.7

6.3

47.8

5.1

63.5

1.9

< 0.001*

HADS score

 Depression

3.3

2.5

7.5

3.0

9.7

3.7

< 0.001*

3.6

2.8

6.8

3.5

8.0

4.4

10.3

2.2

< 0.001*

 Anxiety

3.8

2.3

8.7

0.8

12.5

1.7

< 0.001*

4.7

3.4

7.3

3.2

8.1

4.3

9.3

4.5

< 0.001*

 Total

7.1

4.2

16.2

3.3

22.2

5.0

< 0.001*

8.3

5.7

14.1

6.1

16.1

8.1

19.5

5.7

< 0.001*

EQ-5D VAS score

65.9

17.4

57.5

19.9

51.4

19.1

< 0.001*

69.3

16.7

52.0

17.2

50.6

18.4

48.8

11.8

< 0.001*

EQ-5D-5 L score

0.831

0.151

0.770

0.173

0.551

0.272

< 0.001*

0.885

0.094

0.689

0.140

0.511

0.231

0.308

0.240

< 0.001*

BASFI

1.8

2.0

2.5

2.3

3.8

2.4

< 0.001*

1.1

1.3

3.4

1.5

5.3

2.2

7.0

2.5

< 0.001*

BASMI

3.8

1.5

4.0

1.5

4.6

1.7

0.068

3.6

1.5

4.5

1.6

4.8

1.6

5.5

0.7

< 0.001*

SF-36

 Physical functioning

77.0

19.9

72.2

19.6

60.9

23.7

0.010*

84.7

12.8

62.9

14.7

42.0

12.9

36.7

35.5

< 0.001*

 Role physical

77.3

20.4

58.6

19.9

55.9

27.1

< 0.001*

80.5

19.3

59.9

19.0

43.8

18.0

29.2

19.1

< 0.001*

 Role emotional

80.2

21.6

59.8

18.9

49.0

32.4

< 0.001*

81.4

21.2

61.6

21.2

53.9

29.4

19.4

17.3

< 0.001*

 Vitality

58.8

17.7

40.5

17.8

33.8

17.3

< 0.001*

60.1

17.1

43.9

17.8

31.7

14.1

31.3

16.5

< 0.001*

 Emotional well-being

74.3

14.3

52.9

12.4

44.7

13.0

< 0.001*

71.7

15.5

59.5

17.0

62.3

20.5

40.0

18.0

< 0.001*

 Social functioning

85.4

17.0

61.6

18.0

52.2

25.1

< 0.001*

86.1

17.4

67.2

18.5

55.8

24.9

37.5

12.5

< 0.001*

 Bodily pain

65.2

22.4

58.3

20.3

49.4

23.0

0.015*

72.9

17.5

48.0

14.3

31.5

16.7

34.2

11.3

< 0.001*

 General health

47.8

19.1

28.8

18.1

30.0

15.9

< 0.001*

48.7

17.4

29.8

19.0

36.3

20.7

15.0

8.7

< 0.001*

 PCS

45.2

8.3

42.8

8.3

41.5

8.9

0.131

48.5

5.6

39.0

6.2

32.1

5.5

32.9

8.0

< 0.001*

 MCS

49.9

8.0

36.9

7.4

32.0

10.3

< 0.001*

48.4

9.2

41.4

9.7

41.0

13.7

27.0

8.7

< 0.001*

BASDAI

3.1

1.9

4.0

1.9

5.0

2.2

< 0.001*

2.7

1.6

4.6

1.6

5.7

2.0

6.9

0.5

< 0.001*

ASDAS-CRP

1.4

1.0

1.8

1.0

2.1

1.1

0.003*

1.3

0.9

2.0

0.9

2.6

1.0

3.0

0.2

< 0.001*

  1. *Significant difference (P < 0.05)
  2. ANOVA analysis of variance, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EQ-5D EuroQol 5-dimension, VAS visual analogue scale, EQ-5D-5 L EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, SF-36 Short Form 36-item questionnaire, PCS Physical Component Score, MCS Mental Component Score, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, ASDAS-CRP Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (C-reactive protein)
Back to article page

Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

Contact us