Fig. 3

RvD1 inhibits hydroxyapatite matrix degradation as well as bone resorption induced by primary human monocyte-derived osteoclasts. a Human monocytes were incubated on a hydroxyapatite matrix. They were first treated without or with sc-siRNA or siRNA FPR2 (50 nM) for 24 h and then stimulated over 2 weeks with RANKL (50 ng/ml) and M-CSF (10 ng/ml) with or without RvD1 treatment (500 nM). Culture medium was changed every 3 days. Von Kossa staining was performed, then pit areas were observed under an inverted microscope (× 200) and measured using ImageJ software. b Normal mouse femoral bone explants were incubated with RANKL (50 ng/ml) and M-CSF (10 ng/ml) with or without RvD1 treatment (100 or 500 nM) over 28 days. Culture medium was changed every 3 days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and resorption areas were observed and scored under an inverted microscope (× 200). Data are means ± SEM for n = 3, and one-way ANOVA was performed to compare the results. ^##p < 0.01 compared to untreated cells; *p < 0.05 compared to M-CSF/RANKL-activated cells; ^@p < 0.05 compared to RvD1-stimulated cells