High serum uric acid level is associated with greater handgrip strength in the aged population

Table 3 Multivariate linear regression analysis for handgrip strength in the older adults (age ≥ 60) according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (N = 986)

	No metabolic syndrome (N = 568)			Metabolic syndrome (N = 418)
	β	95% CI	P	β	95% CI	P
Female	− 13.91	− 15.01, − 12.81	< 0.001	− 13.59	− 14.91, − 12.26	< 0.001
Age, years	− 0.40	−0.48, − 0.31	< 0.001	− 0.41	− 0.52, − 0.31	< 0.001
Uric acid
T1*	Reference			Reference
T2*	− 0.12	− 1.20, 0.96	0.827	1.27	− 0.16, 2.70	0.082
T3*	0.80	− 0.42, 2.03	0.196	1.64	0.20, 3.08	0.026
Income
1st quartile	Reference			Reference
2nd quartile	1.15	− 0.12, 2.42	0.076	1.10	− 0.38, 2.59	0.144
3rd quartile	1.15	− 0.24, 2.53	0.104	1.27	− 0.50, 3.03	0.159
4th quartile	1.71	0.25, 3.18	0.022	0.76	− 1.15, 2.67	0.435
Current smoker	0.16	− 1.30, 1.62	0.833	0.43	− 1.45, 2.32	0.651
Alcohol (ever)	0.21	− 0.80, 1.22	0.684	0.98	− 0.29, 2.24	0.131
Physical activity (metS-h/week)	0.00	0.00, 0.01	0.169	0.00	0.00, 0.00	0.930
Resistance exercise (days for 1 week)	0.31	0.03, 0.58	0.028	0.49	0.11, 0.87	0.011
Protein intake (g/day)	0.02	0.01, 0.04	0.011	0.01	− 0.00, 0.02	0.179
BMI (kg/m2)
< 18.5	− 1.80	− 4.58, 0.99	0.205	2.47	− 3.73, 8.66	0.434
18.5–24.9	Reference			Reference
≥ 25	2.55	1.34, 3.75	< 0.001	2.11	0.95, 3.27	< 0.001
Hypertension	0.48	− 0.54, 1.49	0.354	0.98	− 0.24, 2.21	0.116
Diabetes	− 0.48	− 2.00, 1.03	0.531	− 0.05	− 1.40, 2.32	0.948
Cardiovascular disease	−0.88	− 2.73, 0.98	0.354	−0.24	−2.17, 1.68	0.803

*T1: first tertile (≤ 5.2 mg/dL men; ≤ 3.9 mg/dL women); *T2: second tertile (5.3–6.2 mg/dL men; 4.0–4.6 mg/dL women); *T3: third tertile (≥ 6.3 mg/dL men; ≥ 4.7 mg/dL women)
Multivariate linear regression analysis was used. Sex, age, uric acid (tertile), income (quartile), current smoking, alcohol (ever), physical activity, resistance exercise, protein intake, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease were included in the model by using the enter method

ISSN: 1478-6362