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Table 2 Crude and adjusted hazard ratios of predictors of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients

From: Incidence and survival impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study

Variables

Crude HR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

P value

Sex

 Female

1.51 (1.01–2.23)

0.04

1.56 (1.05–2.32)

0.03

 Male

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

Age group, years

 < 45

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 45–64

0.94 (0.72–1.24)

0.7

0.80 (0.60–1.08)

0.15

 ≥ 65

1.45 (0.96–2.19)

0.07

1.05 (0.66–1.68)

0.82

Comorbidity

 Diabetes mellitus

1.21 (0.72–2.04)

0.46

0.99 (0.56–1.72)

0.97

 Hypertension

1.80 (1.39–2.34)

< 0.001

2.17 (1.59–2.97)

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

1.00 (0.64–1.55)

0.99

0.80 (0.49–1.28)

0.35

 Chronic kidney disease

0.81 (0.52–1.25)

0.34

0.66 (0.42–1.04)

0.07

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, and the listed comorbidities
  2. HR hazard ratio