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Table 3 Crude and adjusted hazard ratios of predictors for mortality among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients

From: Incidence and survival impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study

Variables

Crude HR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

P value

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

2.09 (1.09–1.57)

< 0.001

2.20 (1.78–1.71)

< 0.001

Sex

 Female

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 Male

1.83 (1.64–2.05)

< 0.001

1.29 (1.15–1.44)

< 0.001

Age group, years

 < 45

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 45–64

2.28 (2.04–2.54)

< 0.001

1.88 (1.68–2.11)

< 0.001

 ≥ 65

9.42 (8.46–10.09)

< 0.001

6.07 (5.32–6.92)

< 0.001

Comorbidity

 Diabetes mellitus

4.27 (3.76–4.85)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.38–1.83)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

3.82 (3.48–4.19)

< 0.001

1.48 (1.32–1.67)

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

2.24 (1.96–2.55)

< 0.001

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

0.033

 Chronic kidney disease

2.99 (2.68–3.34)

< 0.001

1.88 (1.67–2.72)

< 0.001

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, and the listed comorbidities
  2. HR hazard ratio