Characteristics | SLE, n = 497 | Population controls, n = 322 | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, M (SD) | 46 (15) | 47.8 (14.7) | ns |
Gender (male/female) | 67/429 | 26/296 | ns |
Caucasians | 89% | 97% | < 0.0001 |
Current smoking | 18.5% | 14% | ns |
Malar rash | 48.5% | – | |
Discoid rash | 18% | – | |
Photosensitivity | 63% | – | |
Oral ulceration | 34% | – | |
Arthritis | 82% | – | |
Serositis | 40% | – | |
Nephritis | 42% | – | |
Neuropsychiatric (NPSLE) | 11.5% | – | |
Leukopenia | 48% | – | |
Lymphopenia | 54% | – | |
Thrombocytopenia | 20% | – | |
Haemolytic anaemia | 6% | – | |
Positive ANA, ever | 99% | nd | |
Positive anti-dsDNA, ever | 67% | nd | |
SLAM > 6 | 49% | – | |
SLEDAI > 6 | 26% | – | |
SDI > 0 | 64% | – | |
Arterial events | 11% | 1.25% | < 0.0001 |
Venous thromboembolic events | 16.5% | 1.25% | < 0.0001 |
Any vascular events | 24% | 2.5% | < 0.0001 |
Prednisolone dose^, M (SD) | 9 (45) mg | na | |
Prednisolone 10 mg or more | 25% | na | |
Mean and standard deviation of the measurements | |||
Type I IFN activity | 12.1 (36) | 1.3 (1.5) | < 0.0001 |
IFN-α pg/ml | 161.4 (161) | 45.1 (69) | 0.0002 |
IFN-γ pg/ml | 25.9 (79) | 13.5(69) | 0.02 |
IFN-λ1 pg/ml | 811.2 (1989) | 472.3 (1208) | 0.01 |
Proportions of the groups with high IFN levels | |||
Type I IFN activityH (score > 5.5) | 25% | 2% | < 0.0001 |
25% | 6.5% | < 0.0001 | |
IFN-αH | 25% | 14.5% | 0.003 |
IFN-γH (> 19.5 pg/ml) | 25% | 6.5% | < 0.0001 |
IFN-λ1H | 25% | 13.5% | 0.0009 |