Table 3 Outcome measure scores and effect estimates adjusted from baseline
Footwear intervention group mean (SD) | Control group mean (SD) | Adjusted effect estimate | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Foot pain VAS | ||||
Baseline | 14.8 (18.7) | 17.5 (22.4) | ||
2 months | 10.7 (13.0) | 16.8 (21.8) | − 5.0 (− 12.9 to 2.8) | 0.21 |
4 months | 13.8 (23.0) | 16.1 (22.3) | − 1.8 (− 10.1 to 6.4) | 0.66 |
6 months | 13.1 (20.8) | 20.5 (26.1) | − 6.7 (− 16.4 to 2.9) | 0.17 |
Overall pain VASa | ||||
Baseline | 18.7 (19.6) | 17.7 (23.9) | ||
2 months | 9.7 (13.6) | 23.3 (27.5) | − 13.2 (− 22.2 to − 4.3) | < 0.01 |
4 months | 16.2 (19.4) | 17.9 (22.8) | − 2.3 (− 0.5 to 0.6) | 0.65 |
6 months | 16.3 (19.2) | 20.7 (26.8) | − 4.0 (− 13.6 to 5.7) | 0.42 |
Patient Global Assessment VASa | ||||
Baseline | 22.7 (24.5) | 21.5 (25.8) | ||
2 months | 17.7 (24.2) | 16.4 (21.6) | 1.2 (− 7.4 to 9.9) | 0.78 |
4 months | 14.6 (16.6) | 16.6 (20.2) | − 2.8 (− 11.9 to 6.3) | 0.55 |
6 months | 15.3 (19.4) | 18.8 (21.9) | − 3.4 (− 12.6 to 5.7) | 0.46 |
Health Assessment Questionnaire II | ||||
Baseline | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.5) | ||
2 months | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.4) | − 0.1 (− 0.3 to 0.1) | 0.36 |
4 months | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.0 (−0.2 to 0.2) | 0.84 |
6 months | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.6) | − 0.1 (− 0.3 to 0.1) | 0.28 |
LFIS total score | ||||
Baseline | 15.5 (11.5) | 15.4 (12.5) | ||
2 months | 13.8 (13.0) | 16.4 (14.1) | − 4.7 (− 9.1 to − 0.3) | 0.04 |
4 months | 14.9 (14.2) | 14.2 (12.3) | − 1.3 (− 6.1 to 3.5) | 0.59 |
6 months | 14.4 (13.6) | 16.9 (14.2) | − 3.0 (0.2 to 1.8) | 0.21 |
LLTQ activities of daily l | ||||
Baseline | 32.7 (8.2) | 33.8 (6.8) | ||
2 months | 34.8 (7.2) | 32.9 (8.0) | 2.2 (− 0.2 to 4.6) | 0.07 |
4 months | 32.9 (8.1) | 35.4 (6.7) | − 0.4 (− 3.1 to 2.3) | 0.77 |
6 months | 34.0 (6.9) | 33.8 (7.7) | 1.1 (− 1.2 to 3.4) | 0.35 |
LLTQ recreational activitiesb | ||||
Baseline | 22.7 (11.8) | 21.1 (11.6) | ||
2 months | 23.5 (14.2) | 22.8 (11.5) | 0.8 (− 2.8 to 4.4) | 0.66 |
4 months | 20.8 (12.8) | 25.1 (9.9) | − 3.4 (− 7.5 to 0.8) | 0.11 |
6 months | 21.7 (12.6) | 22.2 (12.0) | − 0.9 (− 4.8 to 3.0) | 0.66 |
Footwear comfort VASc | ||||
Baseline | 24.0 (21.9) | 27.6 (28.0) | ||
2 months | 10.3 (13.1) | 26.2 (26.5) | − 10.4 (− 19.9 to − 0.9) | 0.03 |
4 months | 9.1 (9.8) | 24.0 (21.0) | − 11.3 (− 21.4 to − 1.3) | 0.03 |
6 months | 17.5 (23.5) | 27.9 (28.4) | − 8.0 (− 19.2 to 3.3) | 0.16 |
Footwear fit VASd | ||||
Baseline | 20.6 (20.1) | 24.0 (27.2) | ||
2 months | 9.8 (16.0) | 22.2 (21.3) | − 9.5 (− 17.2 to − 1.8) | 0.02 |
4 months | 10.3 (13.6) | 22.2 (20.4) | − 11.1 (− 19.9 to − 2.4) | 0.01 |
6 months | 11.9 (20.0) | 27.9 (28.4) | − 11.1 (− 21.1 to − 1.0) | 0.03 |
Footwear ease VASe | ||||
Baseline | 20.9 (23.0) | 19.3 (23.8) | ||
2 months | 12.7 (19.1) | 26.8 (28.2) | − 9.8 (− 19.4 to − 0.3) | 0.04 |
4 months | 10.2 (16.6) | 23.8 (25.2) | − 12.3 (− 23.0 to − 1.6) | 0.02 |
6 months | 11.3 (19.7) | 27.9 (28.4) | − 13.2 (− 23.8 to − 2.7) | 0.01 |
Footwear weight VASd | ||||
Baseline | 21.9 (21.9) | 22.7 (24.6) | ||
2 months | 12.7 (17.8) | 27.0 (26.6) | − 9.7 (− 19.5 to 0.0) | 0.05 |
4 months | 13.6 (20.3) | 24.6 (20.4) | − 10.8 (− 20.6 to − 0.9) | 0.03 |
6 months | 11.4 (19.7) | 27.9 (28.4) | − 10.3 (− 19.8 to − 0.8) | 0.03 |