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Table 1 Characteristics of individual articles selected

From: A simplified lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: a meta-analysis

First author [Ref]

Year

Country

Disease

LIS

Numbers

Cutoff value (B-line)

Probe frequency (MHz)

Probe type

True positive

False positive

False negative

True negative

Study quality

ILD (+)

ILD (−)

Delle [32]

2010

Italy

SSc

65

16

11

5

2.5–3.5; 6–12

2.5–3.5 (cardiac sector probe); 6–12 (linear probe)

12

2

4

9

7

Tardella [10]

2012

Italy

CTD

50

26

8

10

2–7

Broadband convex multi-frequency transducer

20

0

6

8

13

Barskova [24]

2013

Italy

SSc

72

36

22

5

2.5–3.5

Cardiac sector transducer

36

10

0

12

13

Mohammadi [33]

2014

USA

SSc

10

53

17

5

7–10

Broadband linear multi-frequency transducer

39

2

14

15

11

Moazedi-Fuerst [34]

2014

Austria

RA

All

17

47

–

3.5

Convex transducer

16

2

1

45

11

Cogliati [7]

2014

Italy

RA

72

13

26

10

5–2

Convex probe

12

13

1

13

13

Moazedi-Fuerst(a) [23]

2015

Austria

RA

All

7

18

–

3.5

Convex transducer

7

1

0

17

10

Moazedi-Fuerst(b) [23]

2015

Austria

SSc

All

9

5

–

3.5

Convex transducer

9

2

0

3

10

Moazedi-Fuerst(c) [23]

2015

Austria

SLE

All

4

2

–

3.5

Convex transducer

4

0

0

2

10

Vizioli [35]

2016

Italy

ILD

All

25

24

5

5–8; 2–5

5–8 (linear probe); 2–5 (convex probe)

23

7

2

17

14

Cakir [29]

2016

Turkey

SSc

14

29

19

5

5–10

Linear probe

29

3

0

16

11

Vasco [8]

2017

Spain

SS

All

4

9

3

2–5.5; 3.3–10

2–5.5 (60-mm-wide-band convex array probe); 3.3–10 (linear array)

4

1

0

8

14

Tardella [9]

2018

Italy

SSc

14

27

13

10

4–13

Broadband linear transducer

26

1

1

12

14

  1. a, b, and c represent one article including three different diseases
  2. ILD interstitial lung disease, CTD connective tissue disease, SSc systemic sclerosis, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, SS Sjögren’s syndrome, LIS intercostal spaces, − not available