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Table 3 Percentages (mol-%) of individual fatty acids (FA), sums of different FA classes, ratios, and indices in synovial fluid (SF) and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP; mean ± SEM)

From: Distinct fatty acid signatures in infrapatellar fat pad and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis versus rheumatoid arthritis

 

Control SF

RA SF

OA SF

RA IFP

OA IFP

p

14:0

3.310 ± 0.272

3.778 ± 0.154

3.801 ± 0.217

3.733 ± 0.195

3.174 ± 0.150‡, #

0.033

14:1n-5

0.224 ± 0.035

0.342 ± 0.045

0.330 ± 0.026*

0.617 ± 0.073#

0.495 ± 0.065#

0.000001

15:0

0.230 ± 0.013

0.264 ± 0.020

0.285 ± 0.014*

0.344 ± 0.024#

0.313 ± 0.020

0.001

DMA 16:0

0.096 ± 0.018

0.091 ± 0.008

0.092 ± 0.007

0.016 ± 0.005#

0.037 ± 0.012#

3.1 × 10−14

16:0

28.222 ± 0.772

28.823 ± 0.417

29.301 ± 0.727

23.216 ± 1.205#

24.604 ± 0.644#

5.5 × 10−11

16:1n-9

0.400 ± 0.032

0.416 ± 0.015

0.374 ± 0.023

0.626 ± 0.039#

0.741 ± 0.050#

< 10−20

16:1n-7

2.011 ± 0.130

2.725 ± 0.351

2.867 ± 0.414

7.670 ± 0.821#

6.732 ± 0.789#

3.3 × 10−16

16:1n-5

0.217 ± 0.029

0.327 ± 0.031*

0.232 ± 0.025†

0.170 ± 0.019#

0.195 ± 0.034

0.000222

17:0i

0.106 ± 0.005

0.112 ± 0.018

0.119 ± 0.015

0.064 ± 0.005#

0.063 ± 0.010#

0.000254

17:0ai

0.251 ± 0.028

0.330 ± 0.026*

0.304 ± 0.023

0.213 ± 0.011#

0.215 ± 0.023#

0.000022

17:0

0.587 ± 0.053

0.531 ± 0.029

0.589 ± 0.050

0.211 ± 0.033#

0.263 ± 0.040#

< 10−20

17:1n-8

0.157 ± 0.025

0.196 ± 0.014

0.188 ± 0.023

0.297 ± 0.014#

0.299 ± 0.022#

6.0 × 10−10

DMA 18:0

0.347 ± 0.032

0.374 ± 0.024

0.316 ± 0.036

0.041 ± 0.018#

0.078 ± 0.022#

< 10−20

DMA 18:1n-9

0.301 ± 0.047

0.353 ± 0.046

0.329 ± 0.041

0.031 ± 0.016#

0.081 ± 0.034#

1.9 × 10−15

DMA 18:1n-7

0.029 ± 0.004

0.059 ± 0.007*

0.065 ± 0.009*

0.010 ± 0.005#

0.025 ± 0.009#

1.4 × 10−9

18:0

13.640 ± 0.843

14.077 ± 0.729

15.041 ± 1.159

3.784 ± 0.673#

5.137 ± 0.848#

< 10−20

18:1n-9

22.996 ± 1.009

25.107 ± 0.764

26.424 ± 1.225*

44.581 ± 1.198#

40.945 ± 1.738#

< 10−20

18:1n-7

2.700 ± 0.138

3.006 ± 0.049

3.010 ± 0.108

2.989 ± 0.167

3.262 ± 0.193

0.124

18:1n-5

0.668 ± 0.056

0.834 ± 0.079

0.718 ± 0.073

0.181 ± 0.056#

0.201 ± 0.052#

< 10−20

18:2n-7

0.278 ± 0.036

0.229 ± 0.030

0.243 ± 0.022

0.212 ± 0.023

0.180 ± 0.016

0.087

18:2n-6

14.460 ± 2.395

10.205 ± 0.983*

8.291 ± 1.056*

7.198 ± 0.231#

8.068 ± 0.473

0.00001

18:3n-6

0.066 ± 0.023

0.112 ± 0.046

0.123 ± 0.062

0.031 ± 0.011

0.047 ± 0.008

0.276

19:1n-8

0.077 ± 0.020

0.073 ± 0.010

0.098 ± 0.018

0.077 ± 0.009

0.063 ± 0.007

0.323

18:3n-3

0.592 ± 0.063

0.659 ± 0.045

0.610 ± 0.031

0.846 ± 0.041#

0.773 ± 0.074#

0.001

18:2c9t11

0.093 ± 0.031

0.082 ± 0.011

0.105 ± 0.043

0.179 ± 0.064#

0.292 ± 0.097#

0.049

20:0

0.294 ± 0.034

0.244 ± 0.009

0.266 ± 0.029

0.086 ± 0.012#

0.087 ± 0.020#

< 10−20

20:1n-11

0.156 ± 0.042

0.120 ± 0.016

0.212 ± 0.057

0.191 ± 0.022

0.193 ± 0.038

0.358

20:1n-9

0.336 ± 0.162

0.207 ± 0.026

0.229 ± 0.042

0.569 ± 0.028#

0.411 ± 0.031‡, #

6.3 × 10−7

20:1n-7

0.130 ± 0.048

0.107 ± 0.012

0.166 ± 0.086

0.087 ± 0.007

0.092 ± 0.007

0.644

20:2n-9

0.176 ± 0.107

0.101 ± 0.016

0.073 ± 0.005

0.041 ± 0.012#

0.057 ± 0.009

0.048

20:2n-6

0.229 ± 0.035

0.193 ± 0.023

0.190 ± 0.043

0.116 ± 0.038

0.281 ± 0.077

0.128

20:3n-9

0.039 ± 0.007

0.042 ± 0.007

0.044 ± 0.011

0.014 ± 0.004#

0.019 ± 0.004#

0.002

20:3n-6

0.743 ± 0.137

0.676 ± 0.056

0.586 ± 0.070

0.139 ± 0.021#

0.171 ± 0.027#

< 10−20

20:4n-6

3.159 ± 0.594

2.470 ± 0.227

1.790 ± 0.269*, †

0.337 ± 0.097#

0.742 ± 0.176‡, #

< 10−20

20:4n-3

0.619 ± 0.057

0.741 ± 0.075

0.769 ± 0.130

0.122 ± 0.043#

0.192 ± 0.052#

7.6 × 10−14

20:5n-3

0.419 ± 0.087

0.355 ± 0.067

0.289 ± 0.048

0.069 ± 0.011#

0.092 ± 0.014#

2.9 × 10−9

22:0

0.205 ± 0.022

0.268 ± 0.057

0.311 ± 0.054

0.083 ± 0.043#

0.177 ± 0.068

0.016

22:1n-11

0.040 ± 0.006

0.046 ± 0.006

0.045 ± 0.005

0.025 ± 0.007#

0.024 ± 0.005#

0.002

22:1n-9

0.129 ± 0.008

0.131 ± 0.016

0.121 ± 0.012

0.057 ± 0.013#

0.063 ± 0.014#

8.9 × 10−7

22:1n-7

0.028 ± 0.005

0.025 ± 0.003

0.035 ± 0.006

0.010 ± 0.004#

0.010 ± 0.003#

0.000002

22:4n-6

0.041 ± 0.010

0.033 ± 0.004

0.125 ± 0.064

0.105 ± 0.018#

0.227 ± 0.038‡, #

0.001

22:5n-3

0.078 ± 0.014

0.128 ± 0.028

0.172 ± 0.042

0.350 ± 0.138

0.366 ± 0.054#

0.014

24:0

0.388 ± 0.020

0.331 ± 0.018*

0.282 ± 0.025*

0.044 ± 0.024#

0.068 ± 0.018#

< 10−20

22:6n-3

0.626 ± 0.097

0.556 ± 0.065

0.327 ± 0.059*, †

0.191 ± 0.036#

0.396 ± 0.040‡

8.6 × 10−8

24:1n-9

0.107 ± 0.017

0.122 ± 0.015

0.108 ± 0.018

0.029 ± 0.008#

0.048 ± 0.008#

1.2 × 10−8

SFA

47.232 ± 1.936

48.758 ± 1.287

50.301 ± 2.024

31.778 ± 1.781#

34.102 ± 1.471#

< 10−20

MUFA

30.377 ± 1.306

33.783 ± 1.100*

35.159 ± 1.638*

58.174 ± 1.891#

53.774 ± 1.825#

< 10−20

PUFA

21.618 ± 3.251

16.581 ± 1.251

13.739 ± 1.263*

9.950 ± 0.488#

11.902 ± 0.574‡

6.8 × 10−9

n-6 PUFA

18.699 ± 3.102

13.689 ± 1.201

11.106 ± 1.267*

7.927 ± 0.260#

9.536 ± 0.466‡

2.6 × 10−8

n-3 PUFA

2.334 ± 0.182

2.439 ± 0.135

2.167 ± 0.178

1.578 ± 0.225#

1.819 ± 0.114

0.000484

n-9 PUFA

0.215 ± 0.106

0.143 ± 0.014

0.117 ± 0.013

0.055 ± 0.016#

0.075 ± 0.010#

0.009

DMA

0.773 ± 0.078

0.877 ± 0.069

0.801 ± 0.079

0.098 ± 0.042#

0.221 ± 0.076#

< 10−20

UFA/SFA

1.118 ± 0.082

1.046 ± 0.056

1.004 ± 0.089

2.247 ± 0.207#

1.971 ± 0.117#

< 10−20

n-3/n-6 PUFA

0.148 ± 0.029

0.192 ± 0.021

0.220 ± 0.035

0.197 ± 0.022

0.191 ± 0.009

0.393

Prod/prec n-6 PUFA

0.267 ± 0.012

0.313 ± 0.014

0.300 ± 0.036

0.068 ± 0.017#

0.122 ± 0.032#

< 10−20

Prod/prec n-3 PUFA

1.834 ± 0.355

1.408 ± 0.160

1.023 ± 0.135*

0.320 ± 0.062#

0.692 ± 0.099‡, #

5.5 × 10−12

TACL

17.26 ± 0.06

17.16 ± 0.02*

17.14 ± 0.03*

17.18 ± 0.03

17.20 ± 0.03

0.044

DBI

0.87 ± 0.07

0.79 ± 0.03

0.72 ± 0.04*

0.82 ± 0.02

0.84 ± 0.01#

0.010

Δ9-DI

0.65 ± 0.01

0.71 ± 0.04

0.73 ± 0.07

1.96 ± 0.19#

1.64 ± 0.11#

< 10−20

Δ6-DI n-6 PUFA

0.005 ± < 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.02

0.004 ± < 0.01

0.006 ± < 0.01

0.323

Δ5-DI n-6 PUFA

4.28 ± 0.60

3.68 ± 0.23

3.07 ± 0.32

2.22 ± 0.25

5.38 ± 1.67

0.058

Δ5-DI n-3 PUFA

0.75 ± 0.20

0.53 ± 0.09

0.42 ± 0.08

0.76 ± 0.11

0.66 ± 0.12

0.134

  1. RA rheumatoid arthritis, OA osteoarthritis, DMA dimethyl acetal, i.e. plasmalogen alkenyl chain derivative, i iso, ai anteiso, c cis, t trans, SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, UFA unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA + PUFA), prod product, prec precursor, TACL total average chain length, DBI double bond index, Δ9-DI Δ9-desaturation index, Δ6-DI Δ6-desaturation index, Δ5-DI Δ5-desaturation index
  2. *Significant difference from the control SF
  3. †Significant difference between RA and OA SF
  4. ‡Significant difference between RA and OA IFP
  5. #Significant difference between IFP and SF within a diagnosis (generalized linear model)
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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