Fig. 2

Inflammatory OA endotype based on synovial fluid biomarkers. This plot conceptualizes our data in the context of the current understanding of inflammation in OA. Abbreviations: OA, osteoarthritis; DAMPs, disease-associated molecular patterns; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1; TLR, toll-like receptor; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; KL, Kellgren-Lawrence; JSN, joint space narrowing; OST, osteophyte; NHANES, national health and nutrition examination survey measure of OA symptoms (pain, aching, stiffness)