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Table 1 Normalized absolute nCounter mRNA counts present in the IFP. Data is represented as the mean (range)

From: Calorie restriction with regular chow, but not a high-fat diet, delays onset of spontaneous osteoarthritis in the Hartley guinea pig model

Gene

Function

Obese

Lean

HFD

P value

IFNγ

Pro-inflammatory cytokine

7.222 (4.360–11.440)

15.64 (7.060–20.44)

16.31 (2.490–37.06)

0.1204

IL-10

Anti-inflammatory cytokine

11.95 (9.680–14.87)

8.283 (2.350–13.74)

13.94 (3.660–23.90)

0.1372

IL-1β

Pro-inflammatory cytokine

30.41 (15.75–71.81)

29.45 (24.01–39.37)

42.97 (22.21–53.90)

0.0944

IL-4

Th2 response, tissue repair/fibrosis

15.54 (13.73–20.83)

13.60 (7.060–17.58)

22.63 (13.13–37.33)

0.0112*

IL-5

Promotes Ig production and eosinophil activation

18.13 (12.91–22.65)

13.12 (9.750–18.09)

25.97 (16.04–41.05)

0.0029*

IL-6

Pro-inflammatory cytokine

25.01 (20.12–29.16)

29.60 (18.68–45.15)

58.82 (21.73–76.84)

0.0151+

LIF

Anti-inflammatory cytokine

23.78 (18.37–32.85)

28.21 (16.52–38.43)

28.71 (12.02–42.72)

0.5087

MCP-1

Pro-inflammatory cytokine

333.3 (265.4–487.0)

439.4 (361.0–510.5)

564.9 (398.7–812.7)

0.0005+

NFκB

Pro-inflammatory transcription factor

112.1 (95.20–132.7)

119.7 (102.8–145.1)

161.0 (107.8–231.4)

0.0015*,+

COX2

Pro-inflammatory enzyme

32.61 (23.52–54.11)

34.99 (29.61–48.63)

52.55 (35.37–69.86)

0.0010*,+

Tacr1

Binds Substance P, pro-inflammatory, causes pain

205.3 (142.0–276.1)

167.8 (121.6–254.9)

211.3 (107.4–340.4)

0.3172

TGF-β1

Tissue repair, both pro and anti-inflammatory

275.2 (195.1–403.5)

254.9 (206.1–330.4)

375.3 (210.6–591.1)

0.0173*

TNF

Pro-inflammatory cytokine

10.92 (8.710–13.53)

8.082 (7.060–9.000)

15.07 (7.290–22.49)

0.0009*,+

HIF1α

Responds to hypoxia

1640 (1116–2020)

1552 (893.8–2654)

1899 (1170–3089)

0.4487

MMP13

Cleaves type II collagen

19.74 (13.12–31.65)

11.88 (8.790–14.26)

35.43 (15.31–59.03)

0.0059*,+

MMP2

Cleaves type IV collagen

8192 (6133–10,346)

9722 (7571–12,566)

11,514 (8944–14,686)

0.0157+

MMP9

Cleaves type IV and V collagen, activates neutrophils

14.46 (2.610–46.53)

17.47 (8.250–23.08)

26.23 (2.250–64.05)

0.2951

Timp1

Inhibits MMPs

1310 (956.1–1709)

1076 (768.8–1563)

1145 (761.4–1826)

0.4103

Timp2

Inhibits MMPs

6270 (4494–7529)

7654 (6354–9109)

8014 (6089–10,405)

0.0248+

Adiponectin

Glucose sensitivity and FA oxidation

10,530 (8885–11,904)

20,830 (12666–24,246)

23,818 (9818–38,769)

0.0093+

Leptin

Inhibits hunger, resistance seen in obesity

6379 (3975–9012)

2296 (1191–3651)

9471 (3921–26,498)

0.0348*

LPL

Hydrolyzes TGs into FAs and glycerol

2843 (1188–3988)

16,118 (7900–22,842)

7536 (3271–16,678)

< 0.0001*,+,†

PPARγ

Lipid uptake and adipogenesis, insulin sensitization, anti-inflammatory

185.4 (105.7–249.1)

466.2 (275.3–736)

254.6 (139.2–426.2)

0.001*,†

  1. *difference between HFD and lean groups; + difference between HFD and obese groups; † difference between obese and lean groups