Gene | Function | Obese | Lean | HFD | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IFNγ | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 7.222 (4.360–11.440) | 15.64 (7.060–20.44) | 16.31 (2.490–37.06) | 0.1204 |
IL-10 | Anti-inflammatory cytokine | 11.95 (9.680–14.87) | 8.283 (2.350–13.74) | 13.94 (3.660–23.90) | 0.1372 |
IL-1β | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 30.41 (15.75–71.81) | 29.45 (24.01–39.37) | 42.97 (22.21–53.90) | 0.0944 |
IL-4 | Th2 response, tissue repair/fibrosis | 15.54 (13.73–20.83) | 13.60 (7.060–17.58) | 22.63 (13.13–37.33) | 0.0112* |
IL-5 | Promotes Ig production and eosinophil activation | 18.13 (12.91–22.65) | 13.12 (9.750–18.09) | 25.97 (16.04–41.05) | 0.0029* |
IL-6 | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 25.01 (20.12–29.16) | 29.60 (18.68–45.15) | 58.82 (21.73–76.84) | 0.0151+ |
LIF | Anti-inflammatory cytokine | 23.78 (18.37–32.85) | 28.21 (16.52–38.43) | 28.71 (12.02–42.72) | 0.5087 |
MCP-1 | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 333.3 (265.4–487.0) | 439.4 (361.0–510.5) | 564.9 (398.7–812.7) | 0.0005+ |
NFκB | Pro-inflammatory transcription factor | 112.1 (95.20–132.7) | 119.7 (102.8–145.1) | 161.0 (107.8–231.4) | 0.0015*,+ |
COX2 | Pro-inflammatory enzyme | 32.61 (23.52–54.11) | 34.99 (29.61–48.63) | 52.55 (35.37–69.86) | 0.0010*,+ |
Tacr1 | Binds Substance P, pro-inflammatory, causes pain | 205.3 (142.0–276.1) | 167.8 (121.6–254.9) | 211.3 (107.4–340.4) | 0.3172 |
TGF-β1 | Tissue repair, both pro and anti-inflammatory | 275.2 (195.1–403.5) | 254.9 (206.1–330.4) | 375.3 (210.6–591.1) | 0.0173* |
TNF | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 10.92 (8.710–13.53) | 8.082 (7.060–9.000) | 15.07 (7.290–22.49) | 0.0009*,+ |
HIF1α | Responds to hypoxia | 1640 (1116–2020) | 1552 (893.8–2654) | 1899 (1170–3089) | 0.4487 |
MMP13 | Cleaves type II collagen | 19.74 (13.12–31.65) | 11.88 (8.790–14.26) | 35.43 (15.31–59.03) | 0.0059*,+ |
MMP2 | Cleaves type IV collagen | 8192 (6133–10,346) | 9722 (7571–12,566) | 11,514 (8944–14,686) | 0.0157+ |
MMP9 | Cleaves type IV and V collagen, activates neutrophils | 14.46 (2.610–46.53) | 17.47 (8.250–23.08) | 26.23 (2.250–64.05) | 0.2951 |
Timp1 | Inhibits MMPs | 1310 (956.1–1709) | 1076 (768.8–1563) | 1145 (761.4–1826) | 0.4103 |
Timp2 | Inhibits MMPs | 6270 (4494–7529) | 7654 (6354–9109) | 8014 (6089–10,405) | 0.0248+ |
Adiponectin | Glucose sensitivity and FA oxidation | 10,530 (8885–11,904) | 20,830 (12666–24,246) | 23,818 (9818–38,769) | 0.0093+ |
Leptin | Inhibits hunger, resistance seen in obesity | 6379 (3975–9012) | 2296 (1191–3651) | 9471 (3921–26,498) | 0.0348* |
LPL | Hydrolyzes TGs into FAs and glycerol | 2843 (1188–3988) | 16,118 (7900–22,842) | 7536 (3271–16,678) | < 0.0001*,+,†|
PPARγ | Lipid uptake and adipogenesis, insulin sensitization, anti-inflammatory | 185.4 (105.7–249.1) | 466.2 (275.3–736) | 254.6 (139.2–426.2) | 0.001*,†|