Table 5 Factors predicting clinical progression
From: Prognostic factors for progression of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review
Prognostic factor | Studies | Associations | Best-evidence synthesis |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient variables | |||
 No association | |||
  Female | Strong evidence for no association | ||
| Â | No, no Positive, no, no, no, no | ||
  Social support | Strong evidence for no association | ||
| Â | No, no | ||
  Higher age at baseline | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | No, positive No, no, no | ||
  Paid employment | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] | No No, no | |
  Living alone | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] 1 cohort [30] | No No | |
  Alcohol consumption | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] | No | |
 Conflicting evidence | |||
  Physical activity during leisure | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] | Conflicted$ | |
  Body mass index | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | Positive, no No, no, positive | ||
  Lower education level | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | No, negative Positive, no | ||
Disease characteristics | |||
 Faster or more progression | |||
  Having another disease (comorbidity) | Strong evidence for more progression | ||
| Â | 2 low risk of bias cohorts [41, 57] 1 cohort [42] | Positive$$, positive Positive | |
  Concurrent morning stiffness of the knee (< 30 min) | Limited evidence for more progression | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] | Positive | |
 No association | |||
  Use of (pain) medication at baseline | Strong evidence for no association | ||
| Â | No, no | ||
  Quality of life at baseline | Strong evidence for no association | ||
| Â | No$$$, no | ||
  Limited range of motion of internal hip rotation | Strong evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 2 low risk of bias cohorts [41, 57] 1 cohort [66] | No, no No | |
  Limited range of motion of external hip rotation | Strong evidence for no association | ||
| Â | No, no | ||
  Concurrent knee pain | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] 1 cohort [66] | No No | |
  Depression | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] 1 cohort [56] | No No | |
  Way of coping | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] 1 cohort [30] | No No | |
  Respiratory comorbidity | Moderate evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] 1 cohort [56] | No No | |
  Patient-rated health | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] | No | |
  Cardiac comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 1, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Vascular comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 2, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Eye, ear, nose, throat, and larynx diseases (cumulative illness rating scale 4, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Upper gastrointestinal comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 5, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Lower gastrointestinal comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 6, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Hepatic comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 7, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Renal comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 8, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Other genitourinary comorbidities (cumulative illness rating scale 9, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Neurological comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 11, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Psychiatric comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale 12, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Comorbidity of endocrine and metabolic diseases (cumulative illness rating scale 13, severity score ≥ 2) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Cognitive functioning | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [57] | No | |
  Muscle strength hip abduction | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [57] | No | |
  Pain during sitting or lying | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] | No | |
  Joint stiffness (WOMAC) | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [15] | No | |
  Use of additional supplements or vitamins | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [15] | No | |
  Concurrent pain during flexion of ipsilateral knee | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [15] | No | |
  Knee flexion | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Knee extension | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
  Strength of isometric knee extension | Limited evidence for no association | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [29] | No | |
 Conflicting evidence | |||
  Bilateral hip OA | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] 1 cohort [66] | Positive, if equal symptoms No | |
  Pain at baseline (self-reported or during physical examination) | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | No, no, positive | ||
  Longer duration of symptoms at baseline | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [57] | No No, positive | |
  Morning stiffness | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [41] 1 cohort [66] | No Positive | |
  Limited range of motion of flexion of the hip | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | 2 low risk of bias cohorts [41, 57] 1 cohort [66] | Positive, no No | |
Chemical or imaging markers | |||
 Conflicting evidence | |||
  Higher K-L grade at baseline | Conflicting evidence | ||
| Â | 1 low risk of bias cohort [12] | No No, positive | |