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Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between alcohol drinker and non-drinker

From: Alcohol consumption as a predictor of the progression of spinal structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis: data from the Catholic Axial Spondyloarthritis COhort (CASCO)

 

Total axSpA (N = 278)

Non-drinker (N = 72)

Alcohol drinker (N = 206)

P

Age (years)

39.0 ± 11.1

39.8 ± 13.4

38.7 ± 10.3

0.516

Diagnosed age (years)

31.4 ± 11.5

32.9 ± 13.3

30.8 ± 10.7

0.227

Disease duration (years)

7.5 ± 6.2

6.8 ± 5.8

7.7 ± 6.3

0.292

Follow-up duration (months)

24.03 ± 1.55

24.11 ± 1.59

24.01 ± 1.54

0.601

Male (%)

214 (77.0%)

48 (66.7%)

166 (80.6%)

0.024

BMI (kg/m2)

24.0 ± 3.2

23.9 ± 3.5

24.0 ± 3.1

0.856

Obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)

95 (34.2%)

23 (31.9%)

72 (35.0%)

0.750

BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2

9 (3.2%)

2 (2.8%)

7 (3.4%)

1.000

Current smoker (%)

75 (27.1%)

11 (15.3%)

64 (31.2%)

0.014

Alcohol consumption (unit/week)

  

12.6 ± 15.0

 

Uveitis history (%)

125 (45.5%)

42 (59.2%)

83 (40.7%)

0.011

IBD history (%)

3 (1.1%)

1 (1.4%)

2 (1.0%)

1.000

Dactylitis history (%)

21 (7.6%)

6 (8.5%)

15 (7.4%)

0.968

Psoriasis history (%)

15 (5.5%)

3 (4.2%)

12 (5.9%)

0.821

BASDAI (0–10)

2.9 ± 1.9

3.1 ± 1.9

2.9 ± 1.9

0.281

ASDAS-ESR (0–10)

1.9 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 0.9

0.274

ASDAS-CRP (0–10)

1.8 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.9

0.668

BASFI (0–10)

0.8 ± 1.2

1.0 ± 1.4

0.8 ± 1.2

0.400

PGA (0–10)

3.1 ± 2.2

3.3 ± 2.5

3.1 ± 2.1

0.570

Pain VAS (0–10)

2.8 ± 2.4

3.3 ± 2.5

2.7 ± 2.3

0.092

PhyGA (0–10)

2.4 ± 1.7

2.5 ± 1.9

2.3 ± 1.6

0.352

Peripheral arthritis (%)

21 (7.7%)

6 (8.7%)

15 (7.4%)

0.928

SPARCC Enthesitis index (0–16)

0.2 ± 0.7

0.2 ± 0.7

0.2 ± 0.8

0.569

EQ-5D-5L-TTO

0.8 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.1

0.074

EQ-VAS (0–100)

72.8 ± 17.6

71.7 ± 17.9

73.3 ± 17.5

0.510

ASAS health index (HI, 0–17)

3.3 ± 3.0

4.1 ± 3.6

3.0 ± 2.8

0.019

Environmental factor related to ASAS HI (0–9)

2.0 ± 1.5

2.3 ± 1.6

1.9 ± 1.4

0.058

Positive HLA-B27 (%)

248 (93.9%)

65 (95.6%)

183 (93.4%)

0.714

AS (satisfying mNY criteria, %)

199 (71.6%)

50 (69.4%)

149 (72.3%)

0.752

Mean grade of sacroiliitis

2.4 ± 1.1

2.3 ± 1.0

2.5 ± 1.1

0.217

Baseline mSASSS (0–72)

11.6 ± 16.1

11.2 ± 15.3

11.7 ± 16.4

0.796

Baseline syndemophyte count (0–24)

4.0 ± 5.7

3.8 ± 5.3

4.1 ± 5.9

0.717

mSASSS change for 2 years

2.4 ± 3.4

1.5 ± 2.8

2.7 ± 3.6

0.007

Syndemophyte change for 2 years

0.7 ± 1.3

0.4 ± 1.2

0.9 ± 1.3

0.003

Current medication

 NSAID (%)

197 (70.9%)

53 (73.6%)

144 (69.9%)

0.656

 ASAS NSAID index (0–100)

39.5 ± 36.1

40.9 ± 36.8

39.0 ± 35.9

0.702

 TNF-α inhibitor (%)

146 (52.5%)

40 (55.6%)

106 (51.5%)

0.644

 Sulfasalazine (%)

85 (30.6%)

17 (23.6%)

68 (33.0%)

0.180

 Methotrexate (%)

6 (2.2%)

2 (2.8%)

4 (1.9%)

1.000

 Bisphosphonate (%)

23 (8.3%)

7 (9.7%)

16 (7.8%)

0.787

 Vitamin D (%)

88 (31.7%)

26 (36.1%)

62 (30.1%)

0.425

  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation
  2. ASAS Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society, ASDAS Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, axSpA axial spondyloarthritis, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, EQ-5D EuroQol-5 dimensions, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HLA human leukocyte antigen, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, mNY modified New York, mSASSS modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PGA patient’s global assessment, PhyGA physician’s global assessment, SPARCC Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada, TNF tumor necrosis factor, TTO time trade-off, VAS visual analog scale