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Table 3 The effects of ambient respiratory virus on incident RA in subgroups of patients

From: Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Subgroup

Percent change in incident RA per 1-unit change in the detection rate of virusa

95% CI

P value

Sex

 Men

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

8.24

1.34, 15.61

.019

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

0.20

− 9.77, 11.28

.971

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

− 5.11

− 58.96, 75.59

.659

 Women

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

3.82

0.18, 7.59

.040

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

12.11

5.87, 18.71

< .001

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

67.4

13.04, 147.88

< .001

Age

 < 40 years

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

10.02

0.73, 20.17

.034

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

7.97

− 6.31, 24.43

.289

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

45.89

− 43.27, 275.18

.433

 40–59 years

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

− 0.11

− 4.38, 4.35

.962

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

5.64

− 1.50, 13.3

.124

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

5.52

− 34.93, 71.09

.828

 ≥ 60 years

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

10.66

4.96, 16.67

< .001

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

14.64

5.41, 24.67

.001

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

118.19

22.19, 289.61

.008

Previous respiratory disease

 Without respiratory disease

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

4.48

0.26, 8.87

.037

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

10.61

3.58, 18.11

.003

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

23.87

− 21.09, 94.47

.352

 With respiratory disease

  Parainfluenza virus at lag1–7w

5.66

0.61, 10.97

.028

  Corona virus at lag1–6w

6.72

− 1.43, 15.53

.108

  Metapneumovirus at lag1–6w

79.18

4.52, 207.16

.034

  1. The moving average lag up to 8 lag weeks (lag1–8) was used in the analysis. For example, “lag1–8” refers to a moving average lag model for respiratory viral infections over the previous 8 weeks
  2. CI confidence interval
  3. aRelative risk adjusted for mean particulate matter < 10 μg/m3 in aerodynamic diameter, ozone, temperature, humidity, amount of solar exposure, and seasonality