n = number of treatment episodes | Overall (n = 1065) | Control group (n = 1020) | Prophylaxis group (n = 45) | p a |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 43.4 (15.0) | 43.2 (14.9) | 47.4 (17.7) | 0.072 |
Male sex, n (%) | 296 (27.8) | 281 (27.5) | 15 (33.3) | 0.397 |
Disease duration (years), mean (SD) | 5.1 (4.5) | 5.2 (4.5) | 3.9 (5.0) | 0.057 |
Underlying disease | ||||
Systemic lupus erythematosus, n (%) | 473 (44.4) | 458 (44.9) | 15 (33.3) | 0.126 |
Systemic sclerosis, n (%) | 22 (2.1) | 21 (2.1) | 1 (2.2) | 0.940 |
Polymyositis, n (%) | 57 (5.4) | 55 (5.4) | 2 (4.4) | 0.782 |
Dermatomyositis, n (%) | 59 (5.5) | 50 (4.9) | 9 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
GPA, n (%) | 6 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
MPA, n (%) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
EGPA, n (%) | 29 (2.7) | 28 (2.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0.833 |
Polyarteritis nodosa, n (%) | 8 (0.8) | 7 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0.243 |
Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 67 (6.3) | 64 (6.3) | 3 (6.7) | 0.916 |
Adult-onset Still’s disease, n (%) | 28 (2.6) | 27 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) | 0.862 |
Behcet’s disease, n (%) | 210 (19.7) | 209 (20.5) | 1 (2.2) | 0.003 |
Ankylosing spondylitis, n (%) | 16 (1.5) | 16 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.397 |
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome, n (%) | 14 (1.3) | 13 (1.3) | 1 (2.2) | 0.585 |
Relapsing polychondritis, n (%) | 12 (1.1) | 11 (1.1) | 1 (2.2) | 0.477 |
Polymyalgia rheumatica, n (%) | 21 (2.0) | 21 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.331 |
Giant-cell arteritis, n (%) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.766 |
Takayasu’s arteritis, n (%) | 28 (2.6) | 28 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.260 |
Others, n (%)b | 10 (0.9) | 9 (0.9) | 1 (2.2) | 0.362 |
Concomitant immunosuppressive treatment | ||||
Steroid-pulse treatment, n (%) | 54 (5.1) | 42 (4.1) | 12 (26.7) | < 0.001 |
Oral cyclophosphamide, n (%) | 18 (1.7) | 14 (1.4) | 4 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
Cyclophosphamide pulse, n (%) | 38 (3.6) | 29 (2.8) | 9 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
Azathioprine, n (%) | 236 (22.2) | 225 (22.1) | 11 (24.4) | 0.706 |
Mycophenolate mofetil, n (%) | 184 (17.3) | 181 (17.7) | 3 (6.7) | 0.054 |
Methotrexate, n (%) | 169 (15.9) | 167 (16.4) | 2 (4.4) | 0.032 |
TNFi, n (%) | 20 (1.9) | 18 (1.8) | 2 (4.4) | 0.195 |
Cumulative steroid dose, mean (SD)c | 681.3 (1306.0) | 657.1 (1267.5) | 1229.8 (1928.5) | 0.055 |
Interstitial lung disease, n (%) | 89 (8.4) | 73 (7.1) | 17 (37.8) | < 0.001 |
Lymphopenia, n (%)d | 131 (12.3) | 123 (12.1) | 8 (17.8) | 0.253 |