The impact of sex and disease classification on patient-reported outcome measures in axial spondyloarthritis: a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study

Andreasen, Rikke A.; Kristensen, Lars E.; Egstrup, Kenneth; Baraliakos, Xenofon; Strand, Vibeke; Horn, Hans Christian; Hansen, Inger M. J.; Christensen, Robin; Ellingsen, Torkell

doi:10.1186/s13075-019-2012-x

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and patient-reported outcome measures

From: The impact of sex and disease classification on patient-reported outcome measures in axial spondyloarthritis: a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study

	r-axSpA n = 40		Nr-axSpA n = 60		P	P (Sex)	P (AxSpA)	P (AxSpA*Sex)
	Male (n = 30)	Female (n = 10)	Male (n = 25)	Female (n = 35)	P	P (Sex)	P (AxSpA)	P (AxSpA*Sex)
Demographics
Age, years, median [Q₁; Q₃]	48 [41; 55]	46 [38; 62]	40 [29; 51]	48 [36; 52]	0.18^a	0.39	0.04	0.67
BMI, kg/m², median [Q₁; Q₃]	25.7 [23.2; 30.9]	22.7 [20.6; 24.8]	28.1 [23.3; 30.2]	24.5 [23.3; 28.8]	0.02^a	0.002	0.12	0.21
Smoking (current), n (%)	8 (27)	0 (0)	11 (44)	12 (34)	0.06^b	0.73	0.29	0.85
Symptom duration, month, median [Q₁; Q₃]	233 [132; 384]	192 [132; 336]	78 [60; 120]	90 [48; 152]	< 0.001^a	0.84	< 0.001	0.79
Peripheral joint involvement, n (%)	17 (57)	7 (70)	12 (48)	17 (49)	0.62^b	0.73	0.29	0.85
Medication
NSAIDs daily use, n (%)	12 (40)	5 (50)	13 (52)	17 (49)	0.82^b	0.79	0.94	0.55
MTX use, n (%)	2 (7)	4 (40)	3 (12)	11 (31)	0.02^b	0.09	0.61	0.40
MTX dose (mg/week),median [Q₁; Q₃]	0.0 [0.0; 10.0]	0.0 [0.0; 20.0]	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.0 [0.0; 10.0]	0.005^a	< 0.001	0.32	0.31
Sulfasalazine use, n (%)	1 (3)	1 (10)	1 (4)	4 (11)	0.48^b	0.33	0.90	0.98
No. of previous bDMARD used, median [Q₁; Q₃]	0.0 [0.0; 1.0]	0.0 [0.0; 1.0]	0.0 [0.0; 1.0]	0.0 [0.0; 1.0]	0.94^a	0.89	0.93	0.38
Current bDMARD, n (%)	15 (50)	3 (30)	12 (48)	10 (29)	0.25^b	0.13	0.93	0.99
Glucocorticoid use, n (%)	0 (0)	1 (10)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.10^b	0.02	0.02	0.21
Glucocorticoid use (mg/day), median [Q₁; Q₃]	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.03^a	0.02	0.02	0.02
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
BASDAI (0–100), median [Q₁; Q₃]	25 [13; 45]	25 [16; 35]	25 [10; 52]	47 [21; 60]	0.07^a	0.30	0.11	0.29
BASFI (0–100), median [Q₁; Q₃]	18 [7; 40]	19.0 [3; 49]	16 [7; 48]	36 [16; 51]	0.37^a	0.47	0.34	0.57
SF-36: PCS (0–100), median [Q₁; Q₃]^†	43.3 [37.0; 52.0]	51.3 [45.4; 54.5]	43.8 [37.1; 50.4]	43.4 [34.4; 46.7]	0.22^a	0.83	0.29	0.10
SF-36: MCS (0–100), median [Q₁; Q₃]^†	56.9 [50.1; 59.3]	50.4 [38.7; 60.4]	52.3 [39.1; 55.4]	46.7 [42.4; 52.2]	0.005^a	0.09	0.03	0.21
VAS pain (0–100 mm), median [Q₁; Q₃]	24 [12; 43]	17 [12; 36]	25 [13; 47]	49 [20; 61]	0.10^a	0.79	0.06	0.57
VAS fatigue (0–100 mm), median [Q₁; Q₃]	22 [12; 45]	39 [16; 54]	33 [12; 67]	54 [20; 61]	0.02^a	0.08	0.16	0.38
VAS global (0–100 mm), median [Q₁; Q₃]	26 [14; 45]	19 [12; 57]	20 [12; 57]	53 [22; 69]	0.25^a	0.39	0.30	0.41
Clinical examination
Tender point count (0–18), median [Q₁; Q₃]	0 [0; 2]	4 [0; 6]	0 [0; 4]	5 [2; 8]	< 0.001^a	< 0.001	0.28	0.24
Swollen joint count (0–44), median [Q₁; Q₃]	0 [0; 0]	0 [0; 0]	0 [0; 0]	0 [0; 0]	0.67^a	0.89	0.32	0.23
Tender joint count (0–44), median [Q₁; Q₃]	0 [0; 2]	2 [0; 4]	0 [0; 2]	2 [1; 4]	0.02^a	0.07	0.67	0.74
BASMI (0–100), median [Q₁; Q₃]	20 [10; 40]	10 [0; 30]	10 [10; 20]	10 [0; 20]	0.006^a	0.12	0.02	0.30
SPARCC, EI (0–16), median [Q₁; Q₃]	0 [0; 2]	0 [0; 2]	1 [0; 2]	1 [0; 1]	0.05^a	0.33	0.09	0.33
ASDAS-CRP, median [Q₁; Q₃]	2.0 [1.3; 3.1]	1.95 [1.3; 3.2]	2.1 [1.5; 3.1]	2.6 [1.4; 3.1]	0.95^a	0.76	0.88	0.98
VAS physician (0–100), median [Q₁; Q₃]	11 [5; 21]	11 [9; 16]	10 [2.0; 17.0]	5 [2; 13]	0.63^a	0.24	0.42	0.57
Extra-articular manifestations*
Uveitis, n (%)	12 (40)	3 (30)	3 (12)	7 (20)	0.09^b	0.42	0.51	0.33
Inflammatory bowel disease, n (%)	3 (10)	0 (0)	3 (12)	6 (17)	0.63^b	0.58	0.81	0.58
Psoriasis, n (%)	12 (40)	2 (20)	11 (44)	14 (40)	0.64^b	0.76	0.26	0.42
Dactylitis, n (%)	6 (20)	3 (30)	6 (24)	11 (31)	0.75^b	0.53	0.93	0.87
Acilles enthesitis, n (%)	13 (43)	5 (50)	3 (12)	10 (29)	0.03^b	0.14	0.21	0.43
Nephrolithiasis, n (%)	6 (20)	0 (0)	3 (12)	4 (11)	0.50^b	0.95	0.43	0.49
Comorbidities
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median [Q₁; Q₃]	1 [0; 1]	0 [0; 0]	1 [0; 1]	1 [0; 1]	0.14^a	0.03	0.83	0.52
Paraclinical assessment
HLA-B27 positive, n (%)	27 (90)	9 (90)	15 (60)	19 (54)	0.004^b	0.66	0.06	0.86
CRP (mg/L), median [Q₁; Q₃]	4.7 [1.1; 10.0]	4.25 [1.1; 21]	2.1 [0.9; 6.8]	1.9 [0.6; 4.4]	0.13^a	0.49	0.02	0.58
P-calprotectin (ng/mL), median [Q₁; Q₃]^††	219 [145; 350]	144 [120; 405]	237 [137; 375]	195 [104; 288]	0.48^a	0.14	0.66	0.77
F-calprotectin (mg/kg), median [Q₁; Q₃]^†††	15 [10; 42]	16 [14; 27]	14 [7; 34]	19 [11; 55]	0.64^a	0.79	0.91	0.24

Data are presented as median, 25th percentile (Q₁) and 75th percentile (Q₃), and percentages
BMI body mass index, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, MTX methotrexate, bDMARD biologic disease-modifying drugs, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, VAS Visual Analog Scale, SF-36: MCS/PCS Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Mental/Physical Component Summary, BASMI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, SPARCC Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada, EI Enthesitis Index, ASDAS-CRP Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein
^aKruskal-Wallis H test
^bFisher’s exact test
*Either patient history or current diagnosis, P/F-calprotectin, plasma/fecal calprotectin
^†n = 98 (r-axSpA male n = 29, r-axSpA female n = 10, nr-axSpA male n = 25, nr-axSpA female n = 34)
^††n = 96 (r-axSpA male n = 28, r-axSpA female n = 10, nr-axSpA male n = 24, nr-axSpA female n = 34)
^†††n = 72 (r-axSpA male n = 21, r-axSpA female n = 9, nr-axSpA male n = 16, nr-axSpA female n = 26)

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