Table 2 Clinical and serological features at the time of inclusion
|  | HC (n = 22) | iSLE (n = 29) | SLE (n = 39) |
|---|---|---|---|
SLEDAI (median, range) | NA | 0 (0–6) | 2 (0–4) |
Presence of clinical symptoms (n, %) | NA | Â | Â |
 Active cutaneous lupus |  | 5 (17) | 4 (10) |
 Photosensitivity |  | 9 (31) | 8 (21) |
 Arthritis |  | 1 (3) | 0 |
 Alopecia |  | 0 | 0 |
 Objectified ulcera |  | 0 | 1 (3) |
 Hematologic features |  | 11 (38) | 19 (49) |
 Serositis |  | 0 | 0 |
 Renal features |  | 0 | 1 (3) |
 Neurologic features |  | 2 (7) | 0 |
Laboratory results | |||
 ANA titer | 40 (40–160) | 160 (40–640*)• | 80 (40–640*)• |
 Anti-dsDNA positive (n, %) | 0 | 8 (28) | 16 (41) |
 Anti-SSA positive (n, %) | 0 | 12 (41) | 12 (31) |
 Anti-Smith positive (n, %) | 0 | 1 (3) | 5 (13) |
 Anti-U1RNP (n, %) | 0 | 2 (7) | 5 (13) |
 Decreased complement (n, %) | 0 | 6 (21) | 15 (39) |
 Antiphospolipid antibodies (n, %) | 0 | 10 (35) | 12 (31) |
 ESR (mm/h) | 5 (1–15) | 19 (3–51)• | 14 (3–96)• |
 Hb (mmol/) | 8.20 (7.5–9.1) | 8.3 (7.0–9.4) | 8.0 (6.2–9.8) |
 Leukocytes (×109/L) | 5.20 (4.5–7.4) | 6.0 (2.6–9.2) | 5.5 (2.3–11.9) |
 Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.8 (1.3–2.9) | 1.6 (0.5–3.2)‡ | 1.2 (0.3–3.1)• |
 Thrombocytes (×109/L) | 226 (184–363) | 241 (135–406) | 230 (112–369) |
 CRP (mg/L) | 0.8 (0.3–3.3) | 2.4 (0.3–24)• | 1.7 (0.3–37) |
 GFR (mL/min) | 98 (76–115) | 91 (53–121) | 91.5 (48–123) |
 C3 (g/L) | 1.05 (0.68–1.23) | 1.07 (0.04–1.47) | 1.01 (0.54–1.37) |
 C4 (g/L) | 0.16 (0.10–0.28) | 0.20 (0.07–0.38)‡ | 0.16 (0.05–0.34) |
 IgM (g/L) | 1.3 (0.40–1.90) | 0.95 (0.20–3.20) | 0.7 (0.4–5.1) |
 IgG (g/L) | 11.4 (8.9–16.1) | 12.7 (7.2–25.4) | 11.4 (5.0–19.5) |
Drugs, n (%) | NA | Â | Â |
 Hydroxychloroquine |  | 9 (31) | 33 (85) |
 NSAID |  | 8 (29) | 7 (18) |
 Prednisolone |  | 0 | 12 (31) |
 Dose (median, range) |  | 0 | 7.5 (5–10) |
 Mycophenolate |  | 0 | 10 (26) |
 Azathioprine |  | 0 | 6 (15) |
 Methotrexate |  | 0 | 2 (5) |