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Fig. 3 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Safety and efficacy of a new micronized formulation of the ALIAmide palmitoylglucosamine in preclinical models of inflammation and osteoarthritis pain

Fig. 3

Effect of m-PGA on CAR-induced inflammatory changes. The effect of the study treatments was assessed histologically in H/E stained sections (a–g) and using immunohistochemical staining of CD68 (h-n). Control animals exhibiting a normal architecture of the paw (a). On the contrary, paw biopsies after CAR injection showed a marked edema, with an important tissue alteration and with a pronounced inflammatory cellular infiltration (b). Treatment with PGA (c, d), and better with m-PGA (e, f), significantly reduced the pathological changes in the tissues. The same beneficial effect was produced by dexamethasone treatment (g). CD68 immunostaining showed that the activation of macrophages CAR-induced (i) was significantly decreased after PGA treatment (j, k), even more so by m-PGA (l, m) and dexamethasone (n). No positive staining was founded in control animals (h). See Methods for further details

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