Fig. 4

Hind paws from a vehicle control animal have mild inflammation and very minimal cartilage damage in a few digit joints. Arrows identify representative affected joints/regions (a). Hind paws from an arthritic animal treated with 50 mg/kg of takinib have very minimal inflammation in the ankle only (b). Reduction of inflammation (I), pannus (P), cartilage damage (CD), bone resorption (BR), and periosteal bone formation (PB) were seen in the hind paws of vehicle- and takinib-treated animals (c, d). Forepaw from a vehicle control animal has severe inflammation and mild cartilage damage with minimal pannus, bone resorption, and periosteal bone formation, in all joints. Arrows identify representative affected joints. “W” identifies wrist (e). Forepaw from an arthritic animal treated with 50 mg/kg of takinib has inflammation and cartilage damage with moderate pannus, bone resorption, and periosteal bone formation, in all joints. Arrows identify representative affected joints (f). Reduction of inflammation (I), pannus (P), cartilage damage (CD), bone resorption (BR), and periosteal bone formation (PB) were seen in the forepaw of vehicle- and takinib-treated animals (g, h). All images represent animal with approximate mean summed paw score for the group. n = 9–12 ± SEM/vehicle disease control and takinib groups. Two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s post hoc. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001