From: High risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with systemic sclerosis
Case (n = 3665) | Control (n = 18,325) | ||
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | p value | |
Age, years | 49.1 ± 14.9 | 49.1 ± 14.9 | 1 |
Sex | |||
Male | 760 (20.7) | 3800 (20.7) | 1 |
Comorbidity | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 374 (10.4) | 1090 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 723 (20.0) | 2116 (11.5) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 424 (11.7) | 829 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 339 (9.4) | 770 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 121 (3.3) | 116 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 461 (12.8) | 916 (5.0) | < 0.001 |
History of uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease | 262 (7.1) | 644 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
Medications | |||
Antiplatelets | 491 (13.4) | 705 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
Warfarin | 45 (1.2) | 43 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
Traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 1250 (34.1) | 3015 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors | 485 (13.2) | 100 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
Proton pump inhibitors | 155 (4.2) | 103 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
Histamine type 2 receptor antagonist | 101 (2.8) | 233 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
Steroids | 1370 (37.4) | 564 (3.1) | < 0.001 |