Fig. 1
From: The burden of metabolic syndrome on osteoarthritic joints
Chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis. a (Left) healthy synovial joint. Type A and B synoviocytes present within intimal synovial lining. The cartilage covering the articulating surface of bones. (Right) chronic inflammation within the synovial joint. b Expanded view of chronic inflammation. DAMPs released from the cartilage and synovium result in synoviocyte activation. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells infiltrate the synovium resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and chronic inflammation. The cartilage and bone are degraded and remodelled with subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte and cyst formation. (A) Fibrous capsule, (B) subintimal synovial lining, (C) intimal synovial lining, (D) type A synoviocyte, (E) type B synoviocyte, (F) synovial fluid, (G) cartilage, (H) subchondral sclerosis, (I) subchondral cyst, (J) cartilage degradation, (K) DAMP release, (L) osteophyte formation, (M) synovial hypertrophy, (N) macrophage infiltration, (O) CD4+ T cell infiltration, and (P) pro-inflammatory mediator secretion