From: Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of gout: a population-based case-control study
Exposure | Cases | Controls | Crude | Fully adj. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 111,509 | % | N = 210,241 | % | OR (CI) | OR | |
No OSA | 110,415 | 99.0 | 209,115 | 99.5 | Referent | Referent |
OSA | 1094 | 0.98 | 1126 | 0.54 | 1.86 (1.71–2.02) | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) |
By gender | ||||||
 Male | 953 | 0.85 | 1043 | 0.50 | 1.74 (1.59–1.90) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) |
 Female | 141 | 0.13 | 83 | 0.04 | 3.36 (2.56–4.42) | 1.64 (1.19–2.27) |
By age class | ||||||
 40–49 years | 210 | 0.19 | 186 | 0.09 | 2.22 (1.82–2.71) | 1.12 (0.90–1.41) |
 50–59 years | 346 | 0.31 | 392 | 0.19 | 1.73 (1.50–2.00) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) |
 60–69 years | 316 | 0.28 | 341 | 0.16 | 1.75 (1.49–2.04) | 1.02 (0.86–1.22) |
 > 70 years | 222 | 0.20 | 207 | 0.10 | 1.96 (1.62–2.37–1.13) | 1.20 (0.96–1.50) |
By BMI, kg/m2a | ||||||
 < 25 | 40 | 0.04 | 113 | 0.05 | 0.67 (0.47–0.97) | 0.67 (0.45–0.98) |
 25–29 | 224 | 0.20 | 305 | 0.15 | 1.38 (1.16–1.64) | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) |
 30–34 | 318 | 0.29 | 325 | 0.15 | 1.88 (1.61–2.20) | 1.34 (1.13–1.59) |
 ≥ 35 | 456 | 0.41 | 322 | 0.15 | 2.74 (2.37–3.16) | 1.56 (1.33–1.83) |
 Missing | 56 | 0.05 | 61 | 0.03 | 1.78 (1.24–2.57) | 1.91 (1.30–2.81) |
By renal function+,a | ||||||
 CKD 1 | 151 | 0.14 | 250 | 0.12 | 1.17 (0.95–1.43) | 0.61 (0.49–0.76) |
 CKD 2 | 492 | 0.44 | 527 | 0.25 | 1.80 (1.59–2.03) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) |
 CKD 3 | 233 | 0.21 | 92 | 0.04 | 4.76 (3.72–6.07) | 2.22 (1.70–2.91) |
 CKD 4 | 19 | 0.02 | < 5# | 0.00 | 11.24 (3.34–37.81) | 3.93 (1.06–14.56) |
 CKD 5 | < 5# | 0.00 | < 5# | 0.00 | 1.00 (0.09–11.03) | 0.41 (0.04–4.59) |
 Missing | 198 | 0.18 | 252 | 0.12 | 1.50 (1.24–1.81) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) |
By history of comorbidities | ||||||
 Acute myocardial infarctiona | ||||||
  Yes | 80 | 0.07 | 73 | 0.03 | 2.08 (1.51–2.86) | 0.80 (0.56–1.15) |
  No | 1014 | 0.91 | 1053 | 0.50 | 1.84 (1.69–2.01) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) |
 Strokea | ||||||
  Yes | 52 | 0.05 | 42 | 0.02 | 2.29 (1.52–2–3.44) | 1.05 (0.66–1.66) |
  No | 1042 | 0.93 | 1084 | 0.52 | 1.84 (1.69–2.01)–2.21) | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) |
 Heart failurea | ||||||
  Yes | 128 | 0.11 | 37 | 0.02 | 6.61 (4.58–9.54) | 1.82 (1.21–2.73) |
  No | 966 | 0.87 | 1089 | 0.52 | 1.70 (1.56–1.85) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) |
 Diabetes mellitusa | ||||||
  Yes | 265 | 0.24 | 258 | 0.12 | 1.96 (1.65–2.33) | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) |
  No | 829 | 0.74 | 868 | 0.41 | 1.83 (1.66–2.01) | 1.16 (1.05–1.30) |
 Hypertension a | ||||||
  Yes | 659 | 0.59 | 466 | 0.22 | 2.71 (2.40–3.05) | 1.14 (1.00–1.30) |
  No | 435 | 0.39 | 660 | 0.31 | 1.27 (1.12–1.43) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) |
 Hypercholesterolemia a | ||||||
  Yes | 553 | 0.50 | 521 | 0.25 | 2.02 (1.79–2.28) | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) |
  No | 541 | 0.49 | 605 | 0.29 | 1.72 (1.53–1.94) | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) |
 By use of loops diuretics*,a | ||||||
  Yes | 260 | 0.23 | 91 | 0.04 | 5.41 (4.26–6.87) | 1.73 (1.33–2.26) |
  No | 834 | 0.75 | 1035 | 0.49 | 1.55 (1.41–1.69) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) |
 By use of thiazide diuretics*,a | ||||||
  Yes | 274 | 0.25 | 129 | 0.06 | 4.10 (3.32–5.06) | 1.85 (1.47–2.33) |
  No | 820 | 0.74 | 997 | 0.47 | 1.58 (1.43–1.73) | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) |