Table 2 Multivariable adjusted risk ratios (RRa) for analgesic consumption
Preoperative (0–3 months) | Postoperative (9–12 months) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any analgesic** | Any analgesic** | Acetaminophen | NSAID | Opioid | |
Age, years | |||||
< 65 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
65–75 | 1.02 (0.97–1.1) | 1.1 (1.03–1.2) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | 1.03 (0.87–1.2) |
> 75 | 1.01 (0.95–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 0.77 (0.68–0.86) | 1.06 (0.89–1.3) |
Female gender | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (0.98–1.3) |
BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
< 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25 < 30 | 1.04 (0.98–1.1) | 1.1 (0.97–1.2) | 1.01 (0.87–1.2) | 1.1 (0.96–1.2) | 1.01 (0.83–1.2) |
30–35 | 1.1 (1.05–1.2) | 1.1 (1.04–1.2) | 1.2 (1.03–1.4) | 1.1 (0.99–1.3) | 1.1 (0.91–1.4) |
> 35 | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 1.6 (1.4–2.0) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
BMI, constant, per increase of 1 kg/m2 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
Charlson Comorbidity Index*** | |||||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1.1 (1.00–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.04 (0.94–1.2) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
2 or more | 1.1 (1.01–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.02 (0.87–1.2) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
Diabetes | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes, but without insulin medication | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.1 (0.99–1.3) | 1.01 (0.90–1.1) | 1.02 (0.93–1.1) | 1.1 (0.95–1.3) |
Yes, with insulin medication | 1.02 (0.93–1.1) | 0.98 (0.88–1.1) | 0.95 (0.79–1.2) | 0.89 (0.74–1.1) | 1.1 (0.86–1.4) |
Cardiac disease**** | 0.86 (0.80–0.93) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.96 (0.81–1.1) | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 1.2 (0.94–1.4) |
Psychotic disorder | 1.1 (0.92–1.2) | 1.1 (0.94–1.3) | 1.2 (0.93–1.7) | 0.77 (0.55–1.1) | 1.4 (0.96–1.9) |
Neurodegenerative disease***** | 1.1 (0.96–1.3) | 1.03 (0.84–1.3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 0.88 (0.59–1.3) | 0.62 (0.35–1.1) |
Chronic lung disease | 1.1 (0.98–1.2) | 1.1 (0.97–1.2) | 1.1 (0.89–1.3) | 1.2 (1.03–1.4) | 1.1 (0.86–1.4) |
Hypertension | 1.01 (0.97–1.1) | 1.1 (0.997–1.1) | 1.04 (0.93–1.2) | 1.03 (0.93–1.1) | 1.1 (0.98–1.3) |
History of malignancy | 1.1 (0.96–1.3) | 1.1 (0.89–1.3) | 1.00 (0.74–1.4) | 1.2 (0.86–1.6) | 0.97 (0.68–1.4) |
Epilepsy | 1.1 (0.91–1.3) | 1.2 (0.99–1.6) | 1.3 (0.86–2.0) | 0.93 (0.61–1.4) | 1.9 (1.3–3.0) |
Knee replacement vs hip replacement | 0.77 (0.74–0.81) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.01–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) |
Preoperative analgesic use****** | – | 2.6 (2.5–2.8) | 2.7 (2.4–3.0) | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 3.9 (3.3–4.6) |