Skip to main content

Table 4 Association of serum urate levels with clinically relevant depression in older adults

From: Low levels of serum urate are associated with a higher prevalence of depression in older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea

 

Older men (n = 710)

Older women (n = 909)

Odds ratio

95% CI

Odds ratio

95% CI

Crude analysis

 Urate levels

  Low (Q1, Q2)

3.47

1.34, 8.96

1.10

0.69, 1.76

  High (Q3, Q4)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Adjusted analysis

 Age (per 1 year)

1.01

0.93, 1.08

1.01

0.96, 1.07

 CRP (per 1 mg/L)

1.03

0.94, 1.12

0.98

0.90, 1.06

Urate levels

 Low (Q1, Q2)

3.35

1.16, 9.70

1.15

0.67, 1.98

 High (Q3, Q4)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Educational levels

 Elementary school

0.96

0.19, 4.79

2.41

0.32, 17.99

 Middle school

0.64

0.12, 3.32

2.66

0.29, 24.74

 High school

0.32

0.05, 2.21

3.12

0.32, 30.56

 College

Reference

 

Reference

 

Household income levels

 1st quartile

–a

 

–a

 

 2nd quartile

–a

 

–a

 

 3rd quartile

–a

 

–a

 

 4th quartile

Reference

 

Reference

 

Categorized BMI

 < 18.5

0.83

0.20, 1.25

0.87

0.13, 5.84

 18.5–24.9

Reference

 

Reference

 

 ≥ 25

0.45

0.16, 1.25

1.11

0.66, 1.87

Presence of chronic disease

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

3.34

0.87, 12.79

2.92

1.31, 6.53

Lifetime diagnosis of depression

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

1.15

0.23, 5.64

5.14

2.58, 10.26

Perceived health status

 Very good or good

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Fair, poor, or very poor

13.42

1.60, 112.24

11.90

2.12, 66.84

Perceived stress

 No or mild

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Much or very much

8.67

3.72, 20.21

5.91

3.26, 10.73

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Current smoker

1.17

0.45, 3.06

3.91

1.23, 12.49

Drinking status

 Non-drinker

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Current drinker

1.69

0.64, 4.46

0.57

0.33, 0.99

  1. All values are rounded to two decimal places
  2. Bold values denote statistical significance
  3. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein
  4. aValues are 0 or indefinite, as there were no or a small number of exposed cases and/or control subjects