Fig. 3

Main estimated parameter diagrams using the three models. a Model 1: conducting group as a covariate (0: control group, 1: intervention group). b Model 2: control group. c Model 3: intervention group. The path loading of the intercept is shown by bold italic font, and the path loadings of the slope are shown by regular front. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05