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Table 2 Comparison of the clinical characteristics between the patients with proliferative LN and membranous LN

From: Non-histologic factors discriminating proliferative lupus nephritis from membranous lupus nephritis

 

Proliferative LN (N = 150)

Membranous LN (N = 18)

p

Age, mean (± SD), years

35.8 (± 14.3)

39.8 (± 15.4)

0.269

Female sex, n (%)

138 (92.0%)

16 (88.9%)

0.649

Hypertension, n (%)

34 (22.7%)

4 (22.2%)

> 0.999

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

9 (6.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.599

SLE manifestations

 Mucocutaneous, n (%)

41 (27.3%)

5 (27.8%)

> 0.999

 Musculoskeletal, n (%)

41 (27.3%)

3 (16.7%)

0.408

 Neuropsychiatric, n (%)

10 (6.7%)

3 (16.7%)

0.149

 Serositis, n (%)

23 (15.3%)

1 (5.6%)

0.475

 Hematologic, n (%)

67 (44.7%)

3 (16.7%)

0.023

Serology

 Positive anti-Sm Ab, n (%)

59 (39.3%)

9 (50.0%)

0.384

 Positive anti-Ro Ab, n (%)

89 (59.3%)

11 (61.1%)

0.885

 Positive anti-La Ab, n (%)

44 (29.3%)

3 (16.7%)

0.258

 Positive anti-U1RNP Ab, n (%)

73 (48.7%)

14 (77.8%)

0.020

 Positive anti-dsDNA Ab, n (%)

132 (88.0%)

9 (50.0%)

< 0.001

 Anti-dsDNA Ab level, median (IQR), IU/mL

230.3 (79.0–380.0)

9.0 (2.5–123.5)

< 0.001

 Positive anti-dsDNA Ab and negative anti-U1RNP Ab, n (%)

66 (44.0%)

1 (5.6%)

0.002

 Positive anti-U1RNP Ab and negative anti-dsDNA Ab, n (%)

7 (4.7%)

6 (33.3%)

0.001

 Positive anti-dsDNA Ab and anti-U1RNP Ab, n (%)

66 (44.0%)

8 (44.4%)

0.971

 Positive lupus anticoagulant, n (%)

32 (21.3%)

3 (16.7%)

0.768

 Positive anti-β2 glycoprotein I Ab, n (%)

18 (12.0%)

5 (27.8%)

0.077

 Positive anti-cardiolipin Ab, n (%)

39 (26.0%)

3 (16.7%)

0.566

 Low C3, n (%)

141 (94.0%)

11 (61.1%)

< 0.001

 C3 level, median (IQR), mg/dL

41.0 (27.9–60.1)

64.7 (44.3–92.3)

0.001

 Low C4, n (%)

119 (79.3%)

9 (50.0%)

0.015

 C4 level, median (IQR), mg/dL

5.5 (2.5–11.9)

12.8 (7.3–23.5)

< 0.001

 Albumin level, mean (± SD), g/dL

2.8 (± 0.7)

2.9 (± 0.9)

0.800

 Creatinine level, mean (± SD), mg/dL

1.13 (± 0.79)

0.70 (± 0.26)

< 0.001

 GFR, mean (± SD), mL/min/1.73 m2

83.2 (± 37.0)

105.1 (± 23.8)

0.002

Urine

 Urine PCR, median (IQR), mg/g

3935.0 (1903.4–6439.7)

3464.5 (2061.8–5775.0)

0.778

 Urine RBC of ≥ 5/HPF, n (%)

109 (72.7%)

7 (38.9%)

0.003

 Urine WBC of ≥ 5/HPF, n (%)

86 (57.3%)

6 (33.3%)

0.053

 Urine cast, n (%)

31 (20.7%)

1 (5.6%)

0.202

SLEDAI-2K, mean (± SD)

17.1 (± 5.8)

12.2 (± 5.8)

0.001

  1. LN lupus nephritis, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, Ab antibody, anti-dsDNA anti-double-stranded DNA, GFR glomerular filtration rate, PCR protein/creatinine ratio, RBC red blood cell, HPF high power field, WBC white blood cell, SLEDAI-2K Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range