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Table 6 Sensitivity analysis: factors associated with pure proliferative LN (classes III and IV, n = 122) vs non-proliferative LN (classes I, II, V and VI, n = 26)

From: Non-histologic factors discriminating proliferative lupus nephritis from membranous lupus nephritis

 

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis (model 1)

Multivariable analysis (model 2)

 

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Age

0.977 (0.951–1.002)

0.074

    

Female sex

2.036 (0.586–7.082)

0.263

    

Hypertension

0.809 (0.308–2.120)

0.666

    

Diabetes mellitus

N/A

0.999

    

Mucocutaneous manifestations

1.690 (0.591–4.834)

0.328

    

Musculoskeletal manifestations

1.623 (0.566–4.649)

0.367

    

Neuropsychiatric manifestations

0.335 (0.090–1.241)

0.102

    

Serositis

2.495 (0.547–11.375)

0.238

    

Hematologic manifestations

2.460 (0.964–6.276)

0.060

    

Positive anti-Sm Ab

0.838 (0.358–1.962)

0.684

    

Positive anti-Ro Ab

1.212 (0.513–2.863)

0.662

    

Positive anti-La Ab

2.488 (0.802–7.719)

0.115

    

Positive anti-U1RNP Aba

0.345 (0.135–0.880)

0.026

0.273 (0.085–0.873)

0.029

0.991 (0.984–0.998)

0.012

Positive anti-dsDNA Aba

8.385 (3.210–21.900)

< 0.001

13.741 (3.058–61.753)

0.001

1.008 (1.003–1.012)

0.002

Positive lupus anticoagulant

1.347 (0.424–4.276)

0.613

    

Positive anti-β2 glycoprotein I Ab

0.544 (0.177–1.674)

0.289

    

Positive anti-cardiolipin Ab

2.039 (0.654–6.362)

0.220

    

Low C3a

10.400 (3.062–35.318)

< 0.001

2.072 (0.281–15.292)

0.475

0.994 (0.958–1.031)

0.747

Low C4a

3.975 (1.586–9.967)

0.003

1.811 (0.430–7.635)

0.418

0.958 (0.868–1.058)

0.395

Albumin level

0.665 (0.347–1.274)

0.218

    

Creatinine level

2.722 (0.970–7.634)

0.057

    

GFR

0.983 (0.969–0.996)

0.013

0.970 (0.952–0.989)

0.003

0.972 (0.954–0.990)

0.002

Urine PCR

1.003 (0.990–1.015)

0.669

    

Urine RBC of ≥ 5/HPF

3.678 (1.534–8.819)

0.004

2.038 (0.538–7.720)

0.295

2.400 (0.588–9.796)

0.222

Urine WBC of ≥ 5/HPF

2.083 (0.875–4.959)

0.097

    

Urine cast

1.976 (0.549–7.113)

0.297

    

SLEDAI-2K

1.149 (1.056–1.251)

0.001

1.012 (0.896–1.144)

0.845

1.017 (0.883–1.171)

0.818

  1. Ab antibody, anti-dsDNA anti-double-stranded DNA, GFR glomerular filtration rate, PCR protein/creatinine ratio, RBC red blood cell, HPF high power field, WBC white blood cell, SLEDAI-2K Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, N/A not applicable
  2. aAnalyzed as binary variables (anti-U1RNP Ab, positive/negative; anti-dsDNA Ab, positive/negative; C3, low/not low; C4, low/not low) in univariable analysis and multivariable analysis (model 1) and analyzed as continuous variables in multivariable analysis (model 2)
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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