Fig. 1

Correlation analysis between disease activity and immune cell numbers in AAV patients with relapse. Changes in A monocytes, B CD14⁺⁺ CD16⁺ intermediate monocytes, C CD19⁺ B cells, and D plasma cells in AAV patients with relapse (n = 9). Duration from onset to 1st remission, onset to relapse, and onset to 2nd remission were 7.4 (4.4–12), 15 (12–37), and 24 (19–43) weeks. A–D Lines showed the median (IQR) number of immune cell subsets in healthy controls. A-a, B-a, C-a, D-a Individual data were shown. A, B *P <  0.05 for analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. The difference among treatment regimens (A-b, B-b, C-b, and D-b) and disease phenotypes (A-c, B-c, C-c, and D-c) were shown by the median and IQR and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Friedman test