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Table 4 Comparison of longitudinal peripheral immune cells in AAV patients with relapse

From: Longitudinal immune cell monitoring identified CD14++ CD16+ intermediate monocyte as a marker of relapse in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis

Immune cell subtype (cells per μL)

HC

Onset

1st Rem

Relapse

2nd Rem

P value

n = 18

n = 9

n = 9

n = 9

n = 6

Onset vs 1st Rem

1st Rem vs relapse

Relapse vs 2nd Rem

CD19+ B

162 (104–242)

101 (60–203)

33 (1.8–226)

27 (0.4–76)

1.6 (0.2–18)

0.30

0.46

0.57

Plasma cell

0.1 (0.1–0.2)

0.7 (0.3–1.1)

0.05 (0–0.13)

0.1 (0.08–0.3)

0.03 (0–0.08)

0.036

0.95

0.86

Monocyte

194 (130–250)

159 (109–293)

100 (46–234)

208 (144–440)

110 (82–188)

0.29

0.087

0.12

CD14++ CD16-

152 (99–187)

107 (56–225)

65 (32–166)

134 (89–346)

72 (53–153)

0.34

0.12

0.14

CD14++ CD16+

17 (10–23)

42 (17–67)

26 (7.3–50)

58 (34–79)

24 (11–43)

0.20

0.027

0.049

CD14+ CD16+

8.1 (4.7–17)

5.8 (2.8–13)

2.9 (2.2–6.7)

7.4 (4.4–10)

5.0 (3.5–9.8)

0.095

0.13

0.44

  1. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to compare the point of onset, 1st remission, relapse, and 2nd remission. Th helper T, Treg regulatory T, Tfh follicular helper T