Author | Year | Exposure | Outcome | Results | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait | Genetic data | Ancestry | #IV | Trait | Genetic data | Ancestry | |||
Bae and Lee | 2018 | Vitamin D | Summary statistics from two vitamin D GWAS. One consisted of 3538 individuals with replication in an additional 2151 individuals. The other consisted of 4501 persons from five cohorts. | Asian Indian + European | 3 | RA onset | Meta-GWAS of 5539 autoantibody-positive RA and 20,169 controls with replication in an independent set of 6768 RA and 8806 controls | European | No significant associations |
Viatte et al. | 2014 | Vitamin D | SNPs in four vitamin D metabolism genes (GC, DHCR7/NADSYN1, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1) associated at genome-wide significance with circulating vitamin D levels. | European | 20 | RA radiological outcome | 1433 patients with 2164 X-rays from the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) and in 443 RA patients with 2924 X-rays from the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (ERAS) | European | No significant associations |
Yarwood et al. | 2013 | Vitamin D | SNPs in three vitamin D metabolism genes (GC, DHCR7/NADSYN1, and CYP2R1) associated at genome-wide significance with circulating vitamin D levels. | European | 6 | RA treatment response | 1396 RA patients from the Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetics and Genomics Study Syndicate (BRAGGSS) | European | No significant associations |
Bae and Lee | 2018 | Body mass index | Meta-GWAS for BMI in 322,154 individuals from the GIANT consortium. | European | 68 | RA onset | UK Biobank GWAS of 337,159 individuals (7480 RA cases and 329,679 controls) | European | Both IVW and median based methods showed evidence to support a causal association between BMI and RA |
Qian et al. | 2020 | Smoking | The IV and the genetic association estimates for smoking initiation and lifetime smoking were obtained from a GWAS metaanalysis including 1,232,091 individuals and a GWAS of 462,690 individuals. | European | 367, 124 | RA onset | GWAS including 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls | European | Genetic predisposition to smoking initiation and lifetime smoking significantly increased RA risk |
Bae and Lee | 2019 | Alcohol consumption | GWAS for alcohol intake frequency (increase) from 336,965 individuals included in the UK Biobank. | European | 24 | RA onset | Meta-GWAS of 5539 autoantibody-positive RA and 20,169 controls with replication in an independent set of 6768 RA and 8806 controls | European | No significant associations |
Bae and Lee | 2018 | Coffee consumption | Summary data of meta-GWAS on coffee intake from 8 Caucasian cohorts (n = 18,176) and meta-GWAS of predominately regular-type coffee consumption (cups per day) among coffee consumers (n = 91,462). | European | 4 | RA onset | Meta-GWAS of 5539 autoantibody-positive RA and 20,169 controls with replication in an independent set of 6768 RA and 8806 controls | European | Genetic predisposition to coffee consumption significantly increased RA risk |
Yuan et al. | 2020 | Iron | A large GWAS of 48,972 individuals, four measures, serum iron, serum transferrin saturation, ferritin, and transferrin. | European | 5, 5, 6, 8 | RA onset | Large-scale meta-analysis of over 20 GWASs including 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls | European | Consistent across four iron biomarkers, genetically high iron status was inversely associated with RA |
Cheng et al. | 2019 | Mineral nutrients | Ca-related genetic variation was derived from 17 population-based GWAS (n = 39,400). The genetic variation of Mg is the result of a GWAS (n = 15,366) from the CHARGE Alliance. The Fe-related genetic variation was the GWAS result in 8 populations (n = 48,972). The genetic variation with Cu and Zn concentrations in erythrocytes were derived from the Queensland Institute of Medicine’s twins and their families (n = 2603). | Mixed population | 8, 5, 14, 2, 3 | RA onset | Meta-GWAS for 10 million RA-related SNPs were evaluated in a total of > 100,000 subjects of European and Asian ancestry (29,880 RA casesand 73,758 controls) | Asian and European | No consistent significant results between mineral nutrients and RA |
Zhao et al. | 2018 | PUFA | Strong, independent genetic predictors of linoleic acid using the three most significant uncorrelated SNPs and seven uncorrelated SNPs in genes (FADS1, FADS2, and NTAN1) relevant to PUFA metabolism from a GWAS in 8631 adults. | European | 10 | RA onset | GWAS including 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls | European | Genetically instrumented LA was inversely associated with RA |
Inamo | 2019 | Gut microbiome | GWASs for gut microbiome (totally 3326 individuals) | European | 26 | RA onset | GWAS including 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls | European | No significant associations |
Bae and Lee | 2018 | Education | A UK Biobank GWAS (n = 293,723) on years of education | European | 49 | RA onset | Meta-GWAS of 5539 autoantibody-positive RA and 20,169 controls with replication in an independent set of 6768 RA and 8806 controls | European | The IVW method instructed an inverse causative relationship between years of education and RA |