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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Caution in studying and interpreting the lupus metabolome

Fig. 1

An overview of the major pathways implicated in serum/plasma metabolomics alteration in SLE. Metabolites elevated in SLE are shown in red font, while reduced metabolites are in green font. Metabolites in italics were only measured in one study. Pathways that appear unlikely to be steroid dependent include the elevation of bradykinin/leukotrienes and lipid peroxidation, as shown boxed with a red dashed line. Pathways outside this box may potentially be the consequence of steroids, based on the known metabolic effects of steroids [18,19,20]. Ala alanine, Arg arginine, Asn asparagine, Asp aspartic acid, BHBA 3-hydroxybutyrate, Cys cysteine, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, FFA free fatty acids, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, Gln glutamine, Glu glutamic acid, Gly glycine, GSH glutathione, HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, His histidine, HODE hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, Ile isoleucine, LCFA long-chain fatty acids, Leu leucine, LT leukotriene, Lys lysine, MCFA medium-chain fatty acids, MDA malonaldehyde, Met methionine, PG prostaglandin, Phe phenylalanine, Pro proline, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, SAM S-adenosyl-methionine, SCFA short-chain fatty acids, Ser serine, Thr threonine, Trp tryptophan, TX thromboxane, Tyr tyrosine, Val valine

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