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Table 2 Altered serum/plasma metabolites in SLE patients, based on eleven published studies

From: Caution in studying and interpreting the lupus metabolome

  1. Metabolites which discriminate SLE from controls are listed in this table. Assayed metabolites which did not distinguish SLE from controls are listed only if they were evaluated in more than one study. Green font indicates downregulation and red font indicates upregulation of serum/plasma metabolites in SLE compared to controls, while metabolites in black font remained unchanged or changes were inconsistent in subgroups of SLE patients. Metabolites in italics were those that were only measured in one study
  2. Ala alanine, Arg arginine, Asn asparagine, Asp aspartic acid, ASP-PHEl-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine, Cys cysteine, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, G-6-P glucose 6-phosphate, Gln glutamine, Glu glutamic acid, Gly glycine, GSH glutathione, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, His histidine, HODE hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, Ile isoleucine, LDL low-density lipoprotein, Leu leucine, LN lupus nephritis, LTB4 leukotriene B4, Lys lysine, LysoPC lysophosphatidylcholine, LysoPE lysophosphatidylethanolamine, MDA malonaldehyde, Met methionine, MG monoacylglycerol, NAG N-acetyl glycoproteins, PC phosphatidylcholine, Phe phenylalanine, Pro proline, Ser serine, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, Thr threonine, Trp tryptophan, Tyr tyrosine, UFA unsaturated fatty acids, Val valine, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein