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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included patients with or without lupus nephritis

From: Clinical and histological significance of urinary CD11c+ macrophages in lupus nephritis

 

Inactive SLE (N = 10)

Active SLE (N = 5)

Inactive LN (N = 5)

Active LN (N = 41)

P value

Age (years)

40.7 ± 14.5

30.8 ± 10.6

36.6 ± 4.7

35.0 ± 13.5

0.515

Female

10 (100)

5 (100)

5 (100)

36 (87.8)

0.136

Hypertension

4 (40)

0 (0)

1 (20)

18 (44)

0.369

Diabetes mellitus

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (2.4)

0.524

Laboratory data

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.61 (0.56–0.72)

0.55 (0.39–0.69)

0.79 (0.60–1.08)

0.68 (0.57–0.88)

0.135

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

117 (102–126)

133 (115–135)

94 (72–117)

108 (81–128)

0.180

 Albumin (g/dL)

3.6 (3.5–3.9)

3.8 (3.2–4.2)

3.7 (3.6–4.0)

2.7 (2.1–3.3)

< 0.001

 C3a (mg/dL)

69.1 ± 20.0 (n = 9)

71.0 ± 37.2

68.2 ± 15.9

52.0 ± 25.7

0.120

 C4a (mg/dL)

13.6 ± 6.5 (n = 9)

8.4 ± 6.2

17.6 ± 6.5

12.6 ± 10.1

0.460

 Anti-dsDNA aba (IU/mL)

18.1 (9.4–30.0) (n = 9)

60.1 (20.1–89.2)

10.4 (6.9–30.8)

85.4 (24.4–297.0)

0.029

 Proteinuriaa (mg/g)

147.8 (70.3–316.5) (n = 9)

179.1 (n = 3)

135.1 (96.9–349.1)

1715.1 (949.8–4429.9)

< 0.001

 Urine specific gravity

1.017 ± 0.008

1.014 ± 0.007

1.017 ± 0.008

1.016 ± 0.006

0.811

Lupus involvement

 Kidney

0 (0)

0 (0)

5 (100)

41 (100)

< 0.001

 Joint

0 (0)

5 (100)

0 (0)

5 (12.2)

0.437

 Hematologic

2 (20)

4 (80)

3 (60)

16 (39)

0.748

 Serositis

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

10 (24.4)

0.029

 Constitutional

0 (0)

3 (60)

0 (0)

15 (36.6)

0.080

 CNS

0 (0)

2 (40)

0 (0)

3 (7.3)

0.901

SLEDAIa

3.9 ± 1.3

14.6 ± 5.7

3.4 ± 0.9

14.1 ± 6.4

< 0.001

Lupus nephritis histologic class

    

< 0.001

 II

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

5 (12.2)

 

 III

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (60)

13 (31.7)

 

 IV

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (40)

10 (24.4)

 

 II + V

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (2.4)

 

 III + V or IV + V

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (9.8)

 

 V

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

8 (19.5)

 

Treatment

 Hydroxychloroquine

9 (90)

5 (100)

5 (100)

40 (97.6)

0.348

 Steroids

    

0.004

  None

4 (40)

0 (0)

3 (60)

2 (4.9)

 

  Low dose

2 (20)

0 (0)

2 (40)

6 (14.6)

 

  Medium dose

4 (40)

3 (60)

0 (0)

17 (41.5)

 

  High dose

0 (0)

2 (40)

0 (0)

14 (34.1)

 

  Pulse

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (4.9)

 

 Immunosuppressive drugs

  None

8 (80)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (9.8)

< 0.001

  Intravenous cyclophosphamide

0 (0)

1 (20)

2 (40)

13 (31.7)

0.052

  Mycophenolate mofetil

2 (20)

1 (20)

5 (100)

22 (53.7)

0.045

  Tacrolimus

0 (0)

1 (20)

2 (40)

19 (46.3)

0.005

  Azathioprine

0 (0)

1 (20)

1 (20)

7 (17.1)

0.260

  Methotrexate

0 (0)

2 (40)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.120

  1. Results expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number (%)
  2. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  3. aMissing values were excluded from analysis
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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