Total, N = 1776 (100%) | Number of comorbidities* | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0, N = 315 (17%) | 1–2, N = 741 (41%) | 3–4, N = 439 (25%) | ≥ 5, N = 281 (17%) | |||
Female sex (%) | 46.4 | 38.6 | 49.2 | 49.1 | 43.0 | 0.0046 |
Age, years (mean ± SEM) | 56.1 ± 0.1 | 45.4 ± 0.6 | 53.8 ± 0.4 | 60.3 ± 0.5 | 65.9 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
Symptom duration, years (mean ± SEM) | 25.3 ± 0.3 | 18.9 ± 0.7 | 24.3 ± 0.5 | 28.2 ± 0.7 | 30.2 ± 0.9 | < 0.0001 |
Duration since diagnosis, years (mean ± SEM) | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 14.2 ± 0.6 | 18.4 ± 0.5 | 22.0 ± 0.6 | 24.1 ± 0.9 | < 0.0001 |
In rheumatologic care (%) | 45.6 | 51.6 | 44.1 | 44.6 | 44.5 | 0.1578 |
HLA-B27-positive (%) | 86.1 | 87.8 | 88.7 | 83.2 | 79.8 | 0.0211 |
Psoriasis (ever, %) | 15.0 | 8.5 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 19.0 | 0.0047 |
IBD (ever, %) | 8.8 | 10.8 | 6.6 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 0.0618 |
Uveitis (ever, %) | 27.3 | 24.7 | 27.7 | 29.1 | 26.6 | 0.6134 |
BASDAI, 0–10 (mean ± SEM) | 4.5 ± 0.0 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
BASFI, 0–10 (mean ± SEM) | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean ± SEM) | 26.9 ± 0.1 | 25.2 ± 0.2 | 26.2 ± 0.2 | 28.2 ± 0.2 | 28.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
WHO-5 Well-being Index, 0–100 (mean ± SEM) | 44.7 ± 0.5 | 47.4 ± 1.2 | 45.5 ± 0.8 | 44.5 ± 1.1 | 40.2 ± 1.3 | 0.0005 |
Smoking (current, %) | 18.6 | 22.1 | 21.0 | 15.3 | 13.9 | 0.0076 |
Suffering from stress (%) | 39.3 | 46.2 | 43.3 | 37.3 | 25.2 | < 0.0001 |
Lack of exercise (%) | 24.3 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 28.8 | 30.8 | 0.0004 |
Full-time employment (%) | 31.1 | 54.3 | 38.5 | 19.8 | 6.2 | < 0.0001 |
Household income, € (%) | ||||||
< 1500 | 26.2 | 18.1 | 25.1 | 24.1 | 40.2 | < 0.0001 |
1500–3200 | 55.9 | 54.3 | 54.6 | 60.0 | 54.2 | |
> 3200 | 17.9 | 27.6 | 20.4 | 15.8 | 5.6 | |
Pharmacotherapy (%) | 77.9 | 75.5 | 75.8 | 79.2 | 83.4 | 0.0452 |
NSAIDs | 59.0 | 56.7 | 60.5 | 60.5 | 55.3 | 0.3413 |
Non-opioid analgesics | 22.5 | 16.7 | 17.8 | 28.1 | 31.5 | < 0.0001 |
Opioids | 16.0 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 17.3 | 30.5 | < 0.0001 |
bDMARDs | 16.9 | 26.0 | 19.7 | 11.8 | 8.6 | < 0.0001 |
csDMARDs | 13.6 | 13.5 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 0.7783 |
Steroids | 19.7 | 12.1 | 17.9 | 23.7 | 25.8 | < 0.0001 |
Physical therapy (%) | 52.1 | 46.6 | 45.5 | 57.9 | 65.2 | < 0.0001 |
Number of pharmaceuticals (mean ± SEM) | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 8.2 ± 0.2 | 11.9 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
Number of pharmaceuticals** (mean ± SEM) | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |