Fig. 3

CD147mediates the increase in MMP-9 and VEGF. The HT1080 and MM6 cell lines (2 × 10⁴ cells) were cultured, with or without TNF-α (1 ng/mL), and the IgG Fc fragment (Fc, at 200 ng/ml) or increasing concentrations of recombinant human CD147 were added as indicated. After 48 h of incubation, supernatants were collected and concentrations of a, c MMP-9 and b, d VEGF were determined by ELISA (n = 6–7 in all groups). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared to cells with TNF-α and without recombinant CD147. Alternatively, HT1080 and MM6 cells (2 × 10⁴ each) were co-cultured in the presence of TNF-α (1 ng/mL), and with or without the addition of a neutralizing anti-CD147antibody (2 ng/mL). After 48 h of incubation, supernatants were collected and evaluated for their concentrations of e VEGF and f MMP-9 using ELISA (n = 8 in each group)