Table 1 Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, and treatment of the study groups

No. participants

62

39

33

33

–

–

Gender: female (%)

41 (66.1%)

26 (64.1%)

26 (78.8%)

26 (78.8%)

ns³

ns

Ethnicity: Jewish

52 (83.9%)

39 (100%)

25 (75.8%)

30 (90.1%)

0.0063

ns

Age (years)

56.6 ± 1.8

59.13 ± 2.1

57.8 ± 1.8

58.5 ± 1.7

ns

ns

Body mass index (BMI)

31.26 ± 1.1

26.3 ± 0.7

29.65 ± 1.1

26.9 ± 0.8

0.0027

ns

Disease duration: arthritis

12.84 ± 1.4

14.1 ± 1.88

6.93 ± 0.96

–

ns

0.0079

Disease duration: psoriasis

22.79 ± 1.8

36.59 ± 2.7

–

–

< 0.0001

–

Tobacco use (%)

27 (43.5%)

5 (13.2%)

13 (39.4%)

4 (13.3%)

0.0018

ns

 Hypertension

21 (33.9%)

11 (28.2%)

11 (33.3%)

7 (21.2%)

ns

ns

 Hyperlipidemia

27 (43.5%)

11 (28.2%)

18 (54.5%)

9 (27.3%)

ns

ns

 Diabetes mellitus

16 (25.8%)

6 (15.4%)

9 (27.3%)

5 (15.2%)

ns

ns

 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

2 (3.22%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

ns

ns

 Thyroid disease

5 (8.06%)

2 (5.1%)

4 (12.1%)

1 (3.03%)

ns

ns

 Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

8 (12.9%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (6.1%)

0.0194

0.0311

 Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

2 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

ns

ns

 None

8 (24.2%)

–

 cDMARDs¹ (total)

25 (40.3%)

23 (58.9%)

23 (69.7%)

–

ns

0.0094

  Methotrexate

23 (37.1%)

17 (43.6%)

20 (60.6%)

–

ns

0.038

  Leflunomide

4 (6.5%)

1 (2.6%)

7 (21.2%)

–

ns

0.0448

  Sulfasalazine

6 (9.7%)

7 (17.9%)

–

–

ns

–

  Hydroxychloroquine

1 (1.6%)

0 (0%)

7 (21.2%)

–

ns

0.0023

 Glucocorticostreroids

2 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

15 (45.4%)

–

ns

< 0.0001

 bDMARDs² (total)

24 (38.7%)

17 (43.59%)

1 (3.0%)

–

ns

< 0.0001

 Anti-TNFα agents (total)

23 (37.1%)

16 (41.0%)

–

ns

0.0001

  Etanercept

11 (17.7%)

7 (17.9%)

–

ns

–

  Golimumab

1 (1.61%)

2 (5.13%)

–

ns

–

  Adalimumab

8 (12.9%)

4 (10.2%)

–

ns

–

  Infliximab

3 (4.83%)

3 (7.7%)

–

ns

–

  Abatacept

1 (3%)

–

 Secukinumab

2 (3.22%)

0 (0%)

–

–

ns

–

 Ustekinumab

3 (4.83%)

1 (2.56%)

–

–

ns

–