Table 1 Characteristics of the individuals in the MPP cohort overall and for the five identified clusters of gout-related comorbidities

Total number

22,057

16,063

750

528

3673

1043

 Male, n (%)

14,561 (66.01)

10,425 (64.90)

420 (56.00)

358 (67.80)

2769 (75.38)

589 (56.47)

 Age (years)

46.81 ± 5.54

46.21 ± 5.88

51.75 ± 5.67

48.66 ± 2.51

47.47 ± 4.34

48.54 ± 5.31

 BMI

24.57 ± 3.53

23.47 ± 3.22

24.50 ± 2.87

23.00 ± 4.18

25.91 ± 4.01

25.07 ± 4.23

 History of kidney stones

1151 (5.26)

780 (4.90)

52 (7.03)

36 (6.89)

205 (5.61)

78 (7.66)

 Obesity

1599 (7.24)

0 (0)

66 (8.80)

60 (11.36)

1250 (34.03)

223 (21.38)

 Kidney dysfunction

876 (3.97)

0 (0)

750 (100)

35 (6.62)

0 (0)

91 (8.72)

 Diabetes mellitus

537 (2.43)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

537 (51.48)

 Hypertension

4081 (18.50)

2255 (14.03)

204 (27.20)

184 (34.84)

879 (23.93)

559 (53.59)

 CVD

631 (2.86)

0 (0)

0 (0)

528 (100)

0 (0)

103 (9.87)

 Hypercholesterolemia

2185 (9.91)

0 (0)

91 (12.13)

74 (14.01)

1888 (51.40)

132 (12.65)

 Hypertriglyceridemia

1459 (6.61)

0 (0)

49 (6.53)

56 (10.61)

1166 (31.74)

188 (18.02)

 Dyslipidemia

3217 (14.58)

0 (0)

124 (16.53)

114 (21.59)

2712 (73.84)

267 (25.59)

 Abnormal liver enzymes

1718 (7.78)

934 (5.81)

54 (7.20)

51 (9.65)

507 (13.80)

172 (16.49)

 Pulmonary dysfunction

3451 (15.64)

2425 (15.09)

128 (17.06)

119 (22.53)

595 (16.19)

184 (17.64)

 Smoking

13,083 (59.31)

9295 (57.86)

406 (54.13)

392 (74.24)

2380 (64.79)

610 (58.48)

 Alcohol risk behavior

4538 (29.79)

3136 (28.02)

116 (25.27)

138 (40.82)

943 (36.27)

205 (31.88)

 Use of diuretics

541 (2.45)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

541 (51.87)