Skip to main content

Table 3 Within clusters’ cumulative incidence for various gout-related comorbidities for gout incident cases during follow-up (n = 910)

From: The absolute risk of gout by clusters of gout-associated comorbidities and lifestyle factors—30 years follow-up of the Malmö Preventive Project

Cluster number

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

Gout incident cases (n)

551

53

26

235

45

Diabetes (DM)

Baseline, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

19 (42.2)

Incident cases, n (%)

81 (14.7)

6 (11.3)

2 (7.7)

62 (26.4)

8 (17.8)

Total cases, n (%)

81 (14.7)

6 (11.3)

2 (7.7)

62 (26.4)

27 (60.0)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

28.45 ± 8.62

25.55 ± 8.81

21.31 ± 10.16

25.63 ± 9.14

17.73 ± 11.24

Obesity

Baseline, n (%)

0 (0)

7 (13.2)

3 (11.5)

93 (39.6)

17 (37.8)

Incident cases, n (%)

14 (2.5)

0 (0)

2 (7.7)

7 (3.0)

0 (0)

Total cases, n (%)

14 (2.5)

7 (13.2)

5 (19.2)

100 (42.5)

17 (37.8)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

29.22 ± 8.36

26.48 ± 8.64

22.22 ± 10.29

27.15 ± 9.01

23.46 ± 9.98

Dyslipidemia

Baseline, n (%)

0 (0)

11 (20.8)

6 (23.1)

113 (48.1)

15 (33.3)

Incident cases, n (%)

54 (9.8)

4 (7.5)

3 (11.5)

16 (6.8)

8 (17.8)

Total cases, n (%)

54 (9.8)

15 (28.3)

9 (34.6)

129 (54.8)

23 (51.1)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

29.28 ± 8.36

26.59 ± 8.53

22.26 ± 10.31

27.51 ± 8.88

23.86 ± 9.76

Hypertension

Baseline, n (%)

112 (20.3)

18 (34.0)

6 (23.1)

79 (33.6)

23 (51.1)

Incident cases, n (%)

201 (36.5)

14 (26.4)

10 (38.5)

75 (31.9)

11 (24.4)

Total cases, n (%)

313 (56.8)

32 (60.3)

16 (61.5)

154 (65.5)

34 (75.5)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

26.77 ± 8.62

23.28 ± 9.28

19.65 ± 9.83

24.19 ± 9.07

19.29 ± 9.64

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Baseline, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

26 (100)

0 (0)

4 (8.9)

Incident cases, n (%)

253 (45.9)

24 (45.3)

NA

119 (50.6)

21 (46.7)

Total cases, n (%)

253 (45.9)

24 (45.3)

26 (100)

119 (50.6)

25 (55.5)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

27.27 ± 9.11

24.43 ± 9.15

18.01 ± 10.41

24.29 ± 9.71

20.98 ± 10.17

Kidney dysfunction and chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Baseline, n (%)^

0 (0)

53 (100)

3 (11.5)

0 (0)

7 (15.6)

Incident cases, n (%)

107 (19.4)

NA

4 (15.4)

49 (20.9)

14 (31.1)

Total cases, n (%)

107 (19.4)

53 (100)

7 (26.9)

49 (20.9)

21 (46.6)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

28.03 ± 9.06

24.89 ± 9.47

21.34 ± 10.25

26.22 ± 9.31

22.37 ± 9.90

Pulmonary dysfunction (PD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Baseline, n (%)^

86 (15.6)

7 (13.2)

4 (15.4)

38 (16.2)

10 (22.2)

Incident cases, n (%)

37 (6.7)

4 (7.5)

1 (3.8)

19 (8.1)

5 (11.1)

Total cases, n (%)

123 (22.3)

11 (20.7)

5 (19.2)

57 (24.2)

15 (33.3)

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

28.45 ± 8.89

25.85 ± 8.95

21.36 ± 10.47

26.69 ± 9.27

22.83 ± 10.11

Alcohol risk behavior (ALR) and diagnosed alcoholism (ALC)

ALR at baseline, n (%)

159 (28.9)

11 (20.8)

8 (30.8)

74 (31.5)

9 (20.0)

Incident cases with ALC, n (%)

2 (0.4)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

2 (0.9)

1 (2.2)

Total cases, n (%)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Follow-up time, mean ± SD*

28.81 ± 9.02

26.37 ± 8.81

21.69 ± 10.81

27.06 ± 9.43

23.39 ± 10.16

  1. The characteristics are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and number (percentages) for categorical variables. NA not applicable, n total number, SD standard deviation
  2. *Follow-up time is calculated in years
  3. ^Baseline kidney dysfunction is defined by an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 while baseline pulmonary dysfunction is defined by a FEV1/FVC < 70% of predicted values